مكافحة العدوى وسلامة المرضى: حزمة المراجعة المكثفة

A portable x-ray is taken at the bedside. Which action protects the nurse?

1. ALook directly at the x-ray tube during the exposure to check its position
2. BStand next to the patient and hold the film without protection
3. CStay close to the patient to keep them still without protection
4. DStep away from the patient or wear a lead apron during the exposure

An 82-year-old patient is prescribed diphenhydramine at bedtime for sleep. Why should the nurse raise this with the prescriber?

1. AIt raises blood pressure in most older adults
2. BIt is only available as an IV drug and cannot be given by mouth at bedtime
3. CIt is too weak to help an older person sleep
4. DIt is strongly anticholinergic and can cause confusion and falls in older adults

How can a patient reduce pain when coughing after abdominal surgery?

1. ALie flat on their back with arms by their sides
2. BCough while bending forward with no support
3. CHold a pillow firmly against the wound while coughing
4. DAvoid coughing completely until the stitches have been removed

An older woman has been lying on the floor at home all night after a fall. Which complications should the nurse look for in particular?

1. APressure damage, hypothermia and muscle breakdown
2. BHair loss and nail damage
3. CHigh blood sugar and a raised temperature from lying still
4. DSunburn and dehydration from sweating

ذات الرئة بالمتكيسة الجؤجؤية (Pneumocystis jirovecii) لدى شخص مصاب بـ HIV متقدم مثال على:

1. Aعدوى انتهازية
2. Bعدوى منقولة بالنواقل
3. Cعدوى حيوانية المنشأ
4. Dعدوى منقولة بالغذاء

أي عملية يمكنها إنتاج نمط فرعي جديد كليًا من الإنفلونزا A يسبب جائحة؟

1. Aالتحول بواسطة DNA حر
2. Bالتحول الاندماجي بواسطة عاثية
3. Cالانجراف المستضدي عبر التراكم التدريجي للطفرات النقطية
4. Dالانزياح المستضدي عبر إعادة تشكيل قطع الجينوم