أوراق القوانين، وأهم خطوات الحل لكل موضوع، و6 مسألة تدريبية، مع الحلول الكاملة في الخلف.
A woman 2 hours after birth has a temperature of 37,8 °C (100,0 °F), a firm fundus and normal lochia. What is the most likely cause?
Over the last hour, a labour tracing shows variable decelerations that are becoming deeper and longer, a baseline rising from 135 to 165 bpm and falling variability. How should the nurse interpret this?
كم ملّيغرامًا من الدواء m في 2 mL من محلول 0,5% (w/v)؟
مريض طوله 127 cm ووزنه 27 kg. الوصفة 75 mg/m². باستخدام صيغة موستيلر BSA = √(الطول (cm) × الوزن (kg)/3600)، أوجد الجرعة D بوحدة mg.
وُصف تسريب بمعدّل 100 mL/h، لكن لا تتوفّر مضخة. يجري بالجاذبية عبر طقم تسريب معامله 60 gtt/mL. أوجد معدّل التنقيط R بالقطرات في الدقيقة.
وُصف 500 mL خلال 12 ساعات. بعد 2 ساعات تجد أن 490 mL لا يزال في الكيس، ويجب أن ينتهي الأمر الطبي في موعده. بأيّ نسبة مئوية Δ يجب زيادة معدّل المضخة الأصلي؟
الإجابة: C · Dehydration after labour
A slight rise in temperature in the first 24 hours is often due to dehydration and the effort of labour. Fluids are encouraged and temperature rechecked. A fever of 38 °C (100,4 °F) or more, especially after 24 hours, suggests infection.
الإجابة: D · Evolving fetal hypoxia; escalate for urgent obstetric review
Deepening decelerations with a rising baseline and falling variability show that the fetus is losing its ability to compensate. Intrauterine resuscitation (position change, stopping any oxytocin, treating hypotension) starts and the obstetrician is called urgently, because expedited birth may be needed.
الإجابة: m = 10 mg
Solution strengths: a percentage strength is grams per 100 mL, so 1% = 1 g/100 mL = 10 mg/mL. A ratio strength 1:1000 means 1 g in 1000 mL = 1 mg/mL; 1:10 000 is 0,1 mg/mL. For a dilution the amount of drug stays the same: C₁·V₁ = C₂·V₂.
الإجابة: D = 73,2 mg
Body-surface-area dosing: many cytotoxic and some paediatric doses are prescribed per square metre of body surface area: dose (mg) = dose per m² × BSA (m²). The Mosteller formula estimates BSA = √(height (cm) × weight (kg)/3600).
الإجابة: R = 100 gtt/min
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
مع طقم تنقيط دقيق (60 gtt/mL)، يساوي gtt/min قيمة mL/h.
الإجابة: Δ = 17,6 %
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
كثير من المستشفيات تسمح بمثل هذا التعديل حتى 25% دون أمر جديد؛ راجع السياسة المحلية.
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