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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
How should cleaning chemicals be stored in a care facility?
AIn their original labeled containers, locked away from residents
BIn empty drink bottles to save space
CIn unlabeled bottles on the hallway shelf
DIn residents' rooms, so that staff can reach them quickly when needed
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
A resident is pale, sweaty and confused, with a fast, weak pulse and low blood pressure. What should the nursing assistant do?
ASit the resident in a chair and check the vital signs again in an hour
BGive the resident a hot drink and leave
CHelp the resident walk to improve circulation
DCall the nurse immediately and keep the resident lying down and warm
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A dose is charted at 10:10 PM. Which entry is the same time on the 24-hour clock? Click it.
10:10 PM
122:10
223:10
321:10
410:10
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). During a shift a patient takes 3 tbsp of liquid supplement, 2½ tsp of cough syrup, 6 fl oz of juice. Using the equivalents given, find the total oral intake V in mL.
1 tbsp = 15 mL1 tsp = 5 mL1 fl oz = 30 mL
V = mL
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: A · In their original labeled containers, locked away from residents
Why this is the answer
Chemicals stay in their original labeled containers and are stored securely away from residents, especially those with dementia, to prevent poisoning. Mixing chemicals is avoided because some combinations release toxic fumes.
Answer
A · In their original labeled containers, locked away from residents
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: D · Call the nurse immediately and keep the resident lying down and warm
Why this is the answer
Pale, cool, clammy skin, confusion, a fast weak pulse and low blood pressure suggest shock, an emergency. The nursing assistant calls for the nurse, keeps the resident lying down and warm, and stays with them.
Answer
D · Call the nurse immediately and keep the resident lying down and warm
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: 22:10
24-hour clock: from 1 PM onwards add 12 to the hour (3:45 PM = 15:45). Midnight to 12:59 AM is 00:00–00:59, and 12:00–12:59 PM stays 12:00–12:59. Going back, subtract 12 from hours 13–23 and add PM; hours 00 become 12 AM. Count time across midnight in two parts: up to 24:00 (00:00), then from 00:00 on.
Convert the hour
10 PM → 10 + 12 = 22
Answer
22:10
Answer
22:10
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: V = 237.5 mL
Household measures and weight: nursing exams use rounded equivalents: 1 teaspoon (tsp) = 5 mL, 1 tablespoon (tbsp) = 15 mL = 3 tsp, 1 fluid ounce (fl oz) = 30 mL = 2 tbsp, and 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL. For weight, 1 kg = 2.2 lb and 1 lb = 16 oz; for length, 1 inch = 2.54 cm. Set the conversion up so that the unit you do not want cancels out.
Each item in mL
3 tbsp = 3·15 = 45 mL
2½ tsp = 2.5·5 = 12.5 mL
6 fl oz = 6·30 = 180 mL
Add
V = 45 + 12.5 + 180 = 237.5 mL
Answer
V = 237.5 mL
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