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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
How should a portable oxygen cylinder be stored?
ANext to a heater to keep it warm
BLying flat on the floor next to the bed so it cannot tip
CLeaning against the wall without support
DUpright and secured in a holder so it cannot fall
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
A resident with diabetes skipped breakfast because she felt sick to her stomach. What should the nursing assistant do?
ATell the nurse, because a missed meal can affect her blood sugar
BGive her extra sugar packets from the kitchen
CSay nothing, because she will probably eat more at lunch
DRecord that she ate breakfast so that her meal chart looks complete
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A dose is charted at 3:50 PM. Which entry is the same time on the 24-hour clock? Click it.
3:50 PM
115:50
214:50
303:50
416:50
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). An infusion delivers 0.5 mg/h. Express this dose rate D in mcg/min. Round to one decimal place.
0.5 mg/h1 mg = 1000 mcg1 h = 60 min
D = mcg/min
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: D · Upright and secured in a holder so it cannot fall
Why this is the answer
Oxygen cylinders are kept upright and secured in a holder or cart, away from heat and flames. A cylinder that falls can damage its valve and become a hazard.
Answer
D · Upright and secured in a holder so it cannot fall
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: A · Tell the nurse, because a missed meal can affect her blood sugar
Why this is the answer
For a resident with diabetes, a missed meal can lead to low blood sugar, especially if she takes insulin or other diabetes medicines. The nurse needs to know promptly, and her intake is recorded accurately.
Answer
A · Tell the nurse, because a missed meal can affect her blood sugar
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: 15:50
24-hour clock: from 1 PM onwards add 12 to the hour (3:45 PM = 15:45). Midnight to 12:59 AM is 00:00–00:59, and 12:00–12:59 PM stays 12:00–12:59. Going back, subtract 12 from hours 13–23 and add PM; hours 00 become 12 AM. Count time across midnight in two parts: up to 24:00 (00:00), then from 00:00 on.
Convert the hour
3 PM → 3 + 12 = 15
Answer
15:50
Answer
15:50
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: D = 8.3 mcg/min
Dimensional analysis: write the given quantity, then multiply by conversion factors written as fractions (for example 60 min/1 h or 1 mg/1000 mcg) so that each unwanted unit appears once on top and once underneath and cancels. When only the wanted unit is left, calculate. Use the equivalents the question gives and round only the final answer.
Set up the chain
D = 0.5 mg/h × (1000 mcg/1 mg) × (1 h/60 min)
Calculate
D = 500/60 = 8.333 ≈ 8.3 mcg/min
Answer
D = 8.3 mcg/min
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