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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
Which measure often helps a resident with osteoarthritis?
AComplete bed rest for several weeks
BWarm baths or showers and gentle range-of-motion exercise
CKeeping the painful joints still in one position all day long
DLifting heavy weights to strengthen the joints
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
A resident tells the nursing assistant that her tightly curled hair needs special care. What is the best approach?
AWash it every day with strong shampoo
BAsk about her usual products and routine, and use a wide-tooth comb
CBrush it hard each day with a fine-tooth comb to straighten out the curls
DUse the same routine as for every other resident
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A dose is charted at 07:30 (24-hour clock). Which entry is the same time on the 12-hour clock? Click it.
07:30
17:30 AM
26:30 AM
39:30 AM
47:30 PM
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A haemoglobin result is 159 g/L. Express it in g/dL Hb.
159 g/L1 L = 10 dL
Hb = g/dL
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: B · Warm baths or showers and gentle range-of-motion exercise
Why this is the answer
Osteoarthritis causes joint pain and stiffness. Warmth, gentle exercise, rest periods, assistive devices and pain relief as ordered help keep the joints moving. Long periods without movement increase stiffness.
Answer
B · Warm baths or showers and gentle range-of-motion exercise
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: B · Ask about her usual products and routine, and use a wide-tooth comb
Why this is the answer
Hair care differs between people and cultures. Asking about the resident's preferences and products, and using a wide-tooth comb, respects her and prevents breakage and discomfort.
Answer
B · Ask about her usual products and routine, and use a wide-tooth comb
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: 7:30 AM
24-hour clock: from 1 PM onwards add 12 to the hour (3:45 PM = 15:45). Midnight to 12:59 AM is 00:00–00:59, and 12:00–12:59 PM stays 12:00–12:59. Going back, subtract 12 from hours 13–23 and add PM; hours 00 become 12 AM. Count time across midnight in two parts: up to 24:00 (00:00), then from 00:00 on.
Convert the hour
07 → 7 AM
Answer
7:30 AM
Answer
7:30 AM
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: Hb = 15.9 g/dL
Dimensional analysis: write the given quantity, then multiply by conversion factors written as fractions (for example 60 min/1 h or 1 mg/1000 mcg) so that each unwanted unit appears once on top and once underneath and cancels. When only the wanted unit is left, calculate. Use the equivalents the question gives and round only the final answer.
Convert
Hb = 159 g/L × (1 L/10 dL) = 15.9 g/dL
Answer
Hb = 15.9 g/dL
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