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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
How should a resident's bedpan be stored?
ACleaned and kept in its proper place, never on the overbed table
BIn the bedside drawer with the resident's clothes
COn the overbed table so that the resident can easily reach it
DOn the floor under the bed without cleaning
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
A nursing assistant told the nurse that a resident seemed more short of breath, but nothing was done, and the resident is getting worse. What should the nursing assistant do?
AReport again, then follow the chain of command if nothing is done
BCall the resident's family and ask them to complain
CWait until the next shift to see if someone else notices the change
DGive the resident extra oxygen without telling anyone
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A patient’s temperature is 97.9 °F. Convert it to degrees Celsius T with °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9. Round to one decimal place.
97.9 °F
T = °C
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). An infusion starts at 17:00 and finishes at 03:15 the next morning (24-hour clock). How many minutes t did it run?
17:0003:15
t = min
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: A · Cleaned and kept in its proper place, never on the overbed table
Why this is the answer
Used bedpans are emptied, cleaned and stored in the proper place, such as the bathroom or bedside cabinet per policy. Placing them on the overbed table contaminates the area where the resident eats.
Answer
A · Cleaned and kept in its proper place, never on the overbed table
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: A · Report again, then follow the chain of command if nothing is done
Why this is the answer
If a serious concern is not addressed, the nursing assistant reports again and then goes to the next level, such as the charge nurse or supervisor. Acting outside the role or waiting puts the resident at risk.
Answer
A · Report again, then follow the chain of command if nothing is done
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: T = 36.6 °C
Temperature: °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9 and °F = °C × 9/5 + 32. Subtract 32 before you multiply when going from °F, and add 32 after you multiply when going from °C. A quick check: 37 °C is 98.6 °F, and every 1 °C is 1.8 °F.
Subtract 32
97.9 − 32 = 65.9
Multiply by 5/9
T = 65.9·5/9 = 36.61 ≈ 36.6 °C
Answer
T = 36.6 °C
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: t = 615 min
24-hour clock: from 1 PM onwards add 12 to the hour (3:45 PM = 15:45). Midnight to 12:59 AM is 00:00–00:59, and 12:00–12:59 PM stays 12:00–12:59. Going back, subtract 12 from hours 13–23 and add PM; hours 00 become 12 AM. Count time across midnight in two parts: up to 24:00 (00:00), then from 00:00 on.
Before midnight
17:00 → 24:00 = 420 min
After midnight
00:00 → 03:15 = 195 min
Total
t = 420 + 195 = 615 min
Answer
t = 615 min
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