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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
A resident with an IV line needs a clean gown. How is the old gown removed?
ABy cutting the sleeve off the IV arm
BFrom the arm with the IV first, after clamping the tubing
CAfter disconnecting the IV tubing from the bag
DFrom the arm without the IV first, then the bag and tubing are slid through the sleeve
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
A resident rarely complains, but he moans when turned and holds his side. When asked, he says, "I'm fine." What should the nursing assistant do?
ATurn him faster next time so that the discomfort is over quickly
BReport his moaning and guarding as possible signs of pain
CAccept his words and report nothing, since he says he is fine
DTell him that his moaning disturbs the other residents at night
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A dose is charted at 11:45 AM. Which entry is the same time on the 24-hour clock? Click it.
11:45 AM
112:45
210:45
323:45
411:45
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). An infusion starts at 17:25 and finishes at 04:15 the next morning (24-hour clock). How many hours t did it run? Give the answer in hours as a decimal, rounded to two decimal places.
17:2504:15
t = h
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: D · From the arm without the IV first, then the bag and tubing are slid through the sleeve
Why this is the answer
The gown comes off the free arm first, then the sleeve is slid over the IV arm and the bag is passed through it, keeping the bag above the IV site. The new gown goes on the IV arm first. Report any problem with the IV to the nurse.
Answer
D · From the arm without the IV first, then the bag and tubing are slid through the sleeve
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: B · Report his moaning and guarding as possible signs of pain
Why this is the answer
Some residents do not report pain because of culture, fear or not wanting to be a bother. Nonverbal signs such as moaning and guarding are reported, so the nurse can assess his pain.
Answer
B · Report his moaning and guarding as possible signs of pain
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: 11:45
24-hour clock: from 1 PM onwards add 12 to the hour (3:45 PM = 15:45). Midnight to 12:59 AM is 00:00–00:59, and 12:00–12:59 PM stays 12:00–12:59. Going back, subtract 12 from hours 13–23 and add PM; hours 00 become 12 AM. Count time across midnight in two parts: up to 24:00 (00:00), then from 00:00 on.
Convert the hour
11 AM → 11
Answer
11:45
Answer
11:45
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: t = 10.83 h
24-hour clock: from 1 PM onwards add 12 to the hour (3:45 PM = 15:45). Midnight to 12:59 AM is 00:00–00:59, and 12:00–12:59 PM stays 12:00–12:59. Going back, subtract 12 from hours 13–23 and add PM; hours 00 become 12 AM. Count time across midnight in two parts: up to 24:00 (00:00), then from 00:00 on.
Before midnight
17:25 → 24:00 = 395 min
After midnight
00:00 → 04:15 = 255 min
Total
395 + 255 = 650 min
t = 650/60 = 10.83 h
Answer
t = 10.83 h
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