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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
How many staff are usually needed to use a mechanical (full-body) lift?
AOne, because the machine does the lifting
BAt least two, according to facility policy
COnly one, as long as the resident is light
DThree or four, one for each corner of the sling
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
A resident's care plan says "partial weight-bearing, right leg, walker at all times." Today he wants to walk without his walker. What should the nursing assistant do?
ARemind him of the plan, encourage the walker and report a refusal
BTell him he cannot walk at all today
CCarry him so his leg does not bear any weight
DLet him walk without the walker today, because he says he feels stronger
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A patient’s temperature is 95.1 °F. Convert it to degrees Celsius T with °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9. Round to one decimal place.
95.1 °F
T = °C
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). An infusion starts at 18:20 and finishes at 00:50 the next morning (24-hour clock). How many minutes t did it run?
18:2000:50
t = min
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: B · At least two, according to facility policy
Why this is the answer
Most facilities require at least two trained staff to use a mechanical lift: one to operate it and one to guide the resident and keep them safe. The nursing assistant follows facility policy and the care plan.
Answer
B · At least two, according to facility policy
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: A · Remind him of the plan, encourage the walker and report a refusal
Why this is the answer
Walking without the walker could put too much weight on the healing leg and cause a fall. The nursing assistant explains the plan and encourages him. If he still refuses, his right is respected and the nurse is told.
Answer
A · Remind him of the plan, encourage the walker and report a refusal
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: T = 35.1 °C
Temperature: °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9 and °F = °C × 9/5 + 32. Subtract 32 before you multiply when going from °F, and add 32 after you multiply when going from °C. A quick check: 37 °C is 98.6 °F, and every 1 °C is 1.8 °F.
Subtract 32
95.1 − 32 = 63.1
Multiply by 5/9
T = 63.1·5/9 = 35.06 ≈ 35.1 °C
Answer
T = 35.1 °C
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: t = 390 min
24-hour clock: from 1 PM onwards add 12 to the hour (3:45 PM = 15:45). Midnight to 12:59 AM is 00:00–00:59, and 12:00–12:59 PM stays 12:00–12:59. Going back, subtract 12 from hours 13–23 and add PM; hours 00 become 12 AM. Count time across midnight in two parts: up to 24:00 (00:00), then from 00:00 on.
Before midnight
18:20 → 24:00 = 340 min
After midnight
00:00 → 00:50 = 50 min
Total
t = 340 + 50 = 390 min
Answer
t = 390 min
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