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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
A resident with dementia keeps walking toward the exit door. What is the best approach?
ALock the resident in their room for the rest of the shift
BWalk with the resident and gently redirect them
CFirmly tell the resident that leaving is not allowed
DTie the resident into a chair until they calm down
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
A resident who is choking becomes unresponsive while the nursing assistant gives abdominal thrusts. What should the nursing assistant do next?
AKeep giving abdominal thrusts while holding the resident upright until help comes
BLower the resident to the floor, call for emergency help and start CPR
CSweep a finger blindly through the mouth to find the object
DProp the resident in a chair and give sips of water
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A weight conversion gives 25.7288 kg. The rule in this exercise is that weights are rounded to the nearest tenth of a kilogram. What value x do you record?
25.7288 kg
x = kg
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). An infusion delivers 8 mcg/min. Express this dose rate D in mg/h.
8 mcg/min1 h = 60 min1 mg = 1000 mcg
D = mg/h
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: B · Walk with the resident and gently redirect them
Why this is the answer
Walking alongside the resident, staying calm and redirecting to a safe activity respects their dignity and keeps them safe. Restraint without an order and locking a resident in a room are abuse. Report wandering so the care team can plan for it.
Answer
B · Walk with the resident and gently redirect them
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: B · Lower the resident to the floor, call for emergency help and start CPR
Why this is the answer
When a choking adult becomes unresponsive, ease them to the floor, call for help (activate the emergency response) and begin CPR. Look in the mouth before breaths and remove an object only if you can see it; blind finger sweeps can push it deeper.
Answer
B · Lower the resident to the floor, call for emergency help and start CPR
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: x = 25.7 kg
Rounding: look at the digit just after the place you round to: 5 or more rounds up, 4 or less leaves the digit as it is. Round only the final answer, never the steps. Typical exam rules: volumes of 1 mL or more to the nearest tenth, volumes below 1 mL to the nearest hundredth, drip rates to whole drops and weights to one decimal place; always follow the rule the question states.
Digit in the tenths place
25.7288 → 7
Only the next digit decides
25.7288 → 2
2 is 4 or less, so 7 stays.
The digits after it (88) are ignored: round once, never step by step.
Round
x = 25.7 kg
Answer
x = 25.7 kg
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: D = 0.48 mg/h
Dimensional analysis: write the given quantity, then multiply by conversion factors written as fractions (for example 60 min/1 h or 1 mg/1000 mcg) so that each unwanted unit appears once on top and once underneath and cancels. When only the wanted unit is left, calculate. Use the equivalents the question gives and round only the final answer.
Set up the chain
D = 8 mcg/min × (60 min/1 h) × (1 mg/1000 mcg)
Calculate
D = 8·60/1000 = 0.48 mg/h
Answer
D = 0.48 mg/h
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