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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
How should a nursing assistant hold a gait belt while walking with a resident?
AWith an underhand grip, from behind and slightly to the side
BBy holding the resident's hand instead of the belt
CWith one finger hooked through the belt from the front of the resident
DBy tying the belt to the nursing assistant's own waist
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
A resident with an anxiety disorder is breathing fast and says her heart is pounding and she feels she is going to die. What should the nursing assistant do first?
ATell her it is only anxiety and leave the room
BAsk her to walk around the hallway quickly to calm herself down
CStay with her, speak calmly and call the nurse to check her
DHave her breathe into a plastic bag
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A newborn weighs 6 lb 6 oz. Using 1 lb = 16 oz and 1 kg = 2.2 lb, find the weight m in kilograms. Round to two decimal places.
6 lb 6 oz1 lb = 16 oz1 kg = 2.2 lb
m = kg
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A prescription reads 2 tsp of an oral suspension every 12 hours for 7 days. The suspension comes in 100 mL bottles. Using 1 tsp = 5 mL, how many whole bottles N must be supplied so the course is complete?
2 tspevery 12 hours7 days100 mL1 tsp = 5 mL
N =
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: A · With an underhand grip, from behind and slightly to the side
Why this is the answer
The nursing assistant walks slightly behind and to the side of the resident (the weaker side, if there is one) and holds the belt with an underhand grip. This gives a secure hold to steady or lower the resident.
Answer
A · With an underhand grip, from behind and slightly to the side
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: C · Stay with her, speak calmly and call the nurse to check her
Why this is the answer
These signs may be a panic attack, but they can also be a heart or breathing problem. The nursing assistant stays, keeps her calm and safe and gets the nurse to assess her. Plastic bags are dangerous.
Answer
C · Stay with her, speak calmly and call the nurse to check her
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: m = 2.9 kg
Household measures and weight: nursing exams use rounded equivalents: 1 teaspoon (tsp) = 5 mL, 1 tablespoon (tbsp) = 15 mL = 3 tsp, 1 fluid ounce (fl oz) = 30 mL = 2 tbsp, and 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL. For weight, 1 kg = 2.2 lb and 1 lb = 16 oz; for length, 1 inch = 2.54 cm. Set the conversion up so that the unit you do not want cancels out.
Ounces to pounds
6 oz/16 = 0.375 lb
6 + 0.375 = 6.375 lb
Pounds to kilograms
m = 6.375/2.2 = 2.898 ≈ 2.9 kg
Answer
m = 2.9 kg
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: N = 2
Dimensional analysis: write the given quantity, then multiply by conversion factors written as fractions (for example 60 min/1 h or 1 mg/1000 mcg) so that each unwanted unit appears once on top and once underneath and cancels. When only the wanted unit is left, calculate. Use the equivalents the question gives and round only the final answer.
Total volume
10 mL × 2 × 7 = 140 mL
Bottles
140/100 = 1.4 → N = 2
Answer
N = 2
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