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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
Which care measure is common for a resident with heart failure?
AKeeping the resident lying flat at all times
BAdding extra salt to the resident's meals
CEncouraging the resident to drink as much as possible
DRaising the head of the bed to make breathing easier
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
A resident sitting up in bed keeps sliding toward the foot of the bed. What should the nursing assistant do?
ALeave her where she is so she is not disturbed
BTie a sheet across her chest to keep her from sliding down again
CPull her up by her arms on your own so she is not kept waiting
DMove her up with a lift sheet and a helper, and check the care plan
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A dose is charted at 4:50 AM. Which entry is the same time on the 24-hour clock? Click it.
4:50 AM
103:50
205:50
304:50
416:50
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). An infusion starts at 18:40 and finishes at 07:30 the next morning (24-hour clock). How many minutes t did it run?
18:4007:30
t = min
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: D · Raising the head of the bed to make breathing easier
Why this is the answer
Residents with heart failure often breathe more easily with the head raised. Care may also include a low-sodium diet, fluid limits, daily weights and watching for swelling, as the care plan directs.
Answer
D · Raising the head of the bed to make breathing easier
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: D · Move her up with a lift sheet and a helper, and check the care plan
Why this is the answer
Using a lift sheet with another staff member moves the resident without dragging her skin. The care plan guides the head-of-bed angle and positioning aids. Pulling by the arms can injure the shoulders, and tying her is a restraint.
Answer
D · Move her up with a lift sheet and a helper, and check the care plan
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: 04:50
24-hour clock: from 1 PM onwards add 12 to the hour (3:45 PM = 15:45). Midnight to 12:59 AM is 00:00–00:59, and 12:00–12:59 PM stays 12:00–12:59. Going back, subtract 12 from hours 13–23 and add PM; hours 00 become 12 AM. Count time across midnight in two parts: up to 24:00 (00:00), then from 00:00 on.
Convert the hour
4 AM → 04
Answer
04:50
Answer
04:50
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: t = 770 min
24-hour clock: from 1 PM onwards add 12 to the hour (3:45 PM = 15:45). Midnight to 12:59 AM is 00:00–00:59, and 12:00–12:59 PM stays 12:00–12:59. Going back, subtract 12 from hours 13–23 and add PM; hours 00 become 12 AM. Count time across midnight in two parts: up to 24:00 (00:00), then from 00:00 on.
Before midnight
18:40 → 24:00 = 320 min
After midnight
00:00 → 07:30 = 450 min
Total
t = 320 + 450 = 770 min
Answer
t = 770 min
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