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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
After a resident has been incontinent of urine, what helps protect the skin?
ALeaving the wet brief in place until the next scheduled two-hour check
BCovering the skin with a thick layer of powder
CPrompt cleaning and drying, and a barrier cream if the care plan says so
DRubbing the area hard with a dry towel to bring back circulation
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
A resident's radial pulse is 48 beats per minute, and she says she feels light-headed. What should the nursing assistant do?
AKeep her seated or lying down and tell the nurse right away
BWalk her around the hallway to raise her heart rate
CRecord it and let the next shift recheck it tomorrow
DAsk her to drink a cup of coffee and recheck in an hour
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A dose is charted at 06:25 (24-hour clock). Which entry is the same time on the 12-hour clock? Click it.
06:25
18:25 AM
25:25 AM
36:25 AM
46:25 PM
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). During a shift a patient takes 2 fl oz of juice, ½ cup of tea, 2 tsp of cough syrup. Using the equivalents given, find the total oral intake V in mL.
1 fl oz = 30 mL1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL1 tsp = 5 mL
V = mL
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: C · Prompt cleaning and drying, and a barrier cream if the care plan says so
Why this is the answer
Urine and stool irritate the skin and increase the risk of skin breakdown. Prompt cleaning, gentle drying and a protective barrier cream, if ordered, help keep the skin healthy.
Answer
C · Prompt cleaning and drying, and a barrier cream if the care plan says so
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: A · Keep her seated or lying down and tell the nurse right away
Why this is the answer
A pulse below 60 with light-headedness can mean poor blood flow to the brain and a fall risk. The resident is kept safe and the nurse is told at once.
Answer
A · Keep her seated or lying down and tell the nurse right away
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: 6:25 AM
24-hour clock: from 1 PM onwards add 12 to the hour (3:45 PM = 15:45). Midnight to 12:59 AM is 00:00–00:59, and 12:00–12:59 PM stays 12:00–12:59. Going back, subtract 12 from hours 13–23 and add PM; hours 00 become 12 AM. Count time across midnight in two parts: up to 24:00 (00:00), then from 00:00 on.
Convert the hour
06 → 6 AM
Answer
6:25 AM
Answer
6:25 AM
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: V = 190 mL
Household measures and weight: nursing exams use rounded equivalents: 1 teaspoon (tsp) = 5 mL, 1 tablespoon (tbsp) = 15 mL = 3 tsp, 1 fluid ounce (fl oz) = 30 mL = 2 tbsp, and 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL. For weight, 1 kg = 2.2 lb and 1 lb = 16 oz; for length, 1 inch = 2.54 cm. Set the conversion up so that the unit you do not want cancels out.
Each item in mL
2 fl oz = 2·30 = 60 mL
½ cup = 0.5·240 = 120 mL
2 tsp = 2·5 = 10 mL
Add
V = 60 + 120 + 10 = 190 mL
Answer
V = 190 mL
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