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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
A resident speaks only Spanish, and the nursing assistant speaks only English. What is the best way to communicate important information?
AAsk the nurse to arrange a trained interpreter
BSpeak English louder and more slowly
CAvoid talking to the resident as much as possible
DAsk the resident's 9-year-old grandchild to translate
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
A resident with dementia becomes upset when asked to choose from all the clothes in her closet. Which approach best supports her?
AChoose all her clothes for her without asking
BTell her she must decide quickly
COffer a choice between two outfits
DPut her in a hospital gown for the day
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A patient’s temperature is 37.1 °C. Convert it to degrees Fahrenheit T with °F = °C × 9/5 + 32. Round to one decimal place.
37.1 °C
T = °F
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A prescription reads 1 tbsp of an oral suspension twice a day for 7 days. Using 1 tbsp = 15 mL, how many mL V are needed for the whole course?
1 tbsptwice a day7 days1 tbsp = 15 mL
V = mL
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: A · Ask the nurse to arrange a trained interpreter
Why this is the answer
Trained interpreters give accurate, confidential communication. Children and untrained family members may make errors or be put in difficult positions. Gestures and picture boards can help with simple daily needs.
Answer
A · Ask the nurse to arrange a trained interpreter
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: C · Offer a choice between two outfits
Why this is the answer
Too many choices can overwhelm a person with dementia. Offering two options keeps her independence and dignity while reducing stress.
Answer
C · Offer a choice between two outfits
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: T = 98.8 °F
Temperature: °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9 and °F = °C × 9/5 + 32. Subtract 32 before you multiply when going from °F, and add 32 after you multiply when going from °C. A quick check: 37 °C is 98.6 °F, and every 1 °C is 1.8 °F.
Multiply by 9/5
37.1·9/5 = 66.78
Add 32
T = 66.78 + 32 = 98.78 ≈ 98.8 °F
Answer
T = 98.8 °F
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: V = 210 mL
Dimensional analysis: write the given quantity, then multiply by conversion factors written as fractions (for example 60 min/1 h or 1 mg/1000 mcg) so that each unwanted unit appears once on top and once underneath and cancels. When only the wanted unit is left, calculate. Use the equivalents the question gives and round only the final answer.
Volume per dose
1 tbsp = 1·15 = 15 mL
Whole course
V = 15 mL × 2/day × 7 = 210 mL
Answer
V = 210 mL
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