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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
Which illness is usually managed with droplet precautions?
AA urinary tract infection
BTuberculosis
CInfluenza
DMeasles
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
A nursing assistant finishes care for a resident on contact precautions for C. difficile diarrhea. What should the nursing assistant do before leaving?
ARemove the gown in the hallway and use alcohol hand rub
BUse alcohol hand rub over the gloves and leave them on
CKeep the gloves on to go to the next resident, then wash the hands
DRemove the gown and gloves in the room, then wash the hands with soap and water
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A newborn weighs 8 lb 4 oz. Using 1 lb = 16 oz and 1 kg = 2.2 lb, find the weight m in kilograms. Round to two decimal places.
8 lb 4 oz1 lb = 16 oz1 kg = 2.2 lb
m = kg
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). An order reads 2.5 mcg/kg/min for a patient who weighs 58 kg. Express the dose rate D in mg/h. Round to two decimal places.
2.5 mcg/kg/min58 kg
D = mg/h
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: C · Influenza
Why this is the answer
Influenza spreads by large droplets, so droplet precautions with a mask are used. Tuberculosis and measles are airborne diseases, and a urinary tract infection only needs standard precautions.
Answer
C · Influenza
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: D · Remove the gown and gloves in the room, then wash the hands with soap and water
Why this is the answer
PPE is removed inside the room before leaving, and hands are washed with soap and water, because alcohol rub does not remove C. difficile spores reliably. Gloves are never worn from one resident to another.
Answer
D · Remove the gown and gloves in the room, then wash the hands with soap and water
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: m = 3.75 kg
Household measures and weight: nursing exams use rounded equivalents: 1 teaspoon (tsp) = 5 mL, 1 tablespoon (tbsp) = 15 mL = 3 tsp, 1 fluid ounce (fl oz) = 30 mL = 2 tbsp, and 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL. For weight, 1 kg = 2.2 lb and 1 lb = 16 oz; for length, 1 inch = 2.54 cm. Set the conversion up so that the unit you do not want cancels out.
Ounces to pounds
4 oz/16 = 0.25 lb
8 + 0.25 = 8.25 lb
Pounds to kilograms
m = 8.25/2.2 = 3.75 kg
Answer
m = 3.75 kg
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: D = 8.7 mg/h
Dimensional analysis: write the given quantity, then multiply by conversion factors written as fractions (for example 60 min/1 h or 1 mg/1000 mcg) so that each unwanted unit appears once on top and once underneath and cancels. When only the wanted unit is left, calculate. Use the equivalents the question gives and round only the final answer.
Set up the chain
D = 2.5 mcg/kg/min × 58 kg × (60 min/1 h) × (1 mg/1000 mcg)
Calculate
D = 2.5·58·60/1000 = 8.7 mg/h
Answer
D = 8.7 mg/h
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