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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
When a restraint has been ordered and applied, how is it usually secured?
ATo the mattress so it moves when the bed moves
BWith a tight double knot to the side rail
CWith a knot that the resident can easily reach and untie when needed
DWith a quick-release knot to the movable part of the bed frame
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
A nursing assistant hears a coworker yelling at a resident and threatening to skip the resident's dinner. What should the nursing assistant do?
ASpeak with the coworker privately later and not report it
BTell the resident not to make the coworker angry again
CWait to see whether it happens again before reporting
DMake sure the resident is safe and report it to the nurse or supervisor at once
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A patient is 143 cm tall. Using 1 in = 2.54 cm, find the height h in inches. Round to one decimal place.
143 cm1 in = 2.54 cm
h = in
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). An infusion starts at 17:00 and finishes at 02:25 the next morning (24-hour clock). How many minutes t did it run?
17:0002:25
t = min
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: D · With a quick-release knot to the movable part of the bed frame
Why this is the answer
A restraint is secured with a quick-release knot (or buckle) out of the resident's reach, to the movable bed frame, not the side rail. Tying it to the side rail can injure the resident when the rail is lowered.
Answer
D · With a quick-release knot to the movable part of the bed frame
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: D · Make sure the resident is safe and report it to the nurse or supervisor at once
Why this is the answer
Threatening to withhold food and yelling are verbal and psychological abuse. The nursing assistant first makes sure the resident is safe, then reports immediately as the facility's policy and the law require. Reporting is required even when the abuser is a colleague.
Answer
D · Make sure the resident is safe and report it to the nurse or supervisor at once
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: h = 56.3 in
Household measures and weight: nursing exams use rounded equivalents: 1 teaspoon (tsp) = 5 mL, 1 tablespoon (tbsp) = 15 mL = 3 tsp, 1 fluid ounce (fl oz) = 30 mL = 2 tbsp, and 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL. For weight, 1 kg = 2.2 lb and 1 lb = 16 oz; for length, 1 inch = 2.54 cm. Set the conversion up so that the unit you do not want cancels out.
Centimetres to inches
h = 143/2.54 = 56.3 in
Answer
h = 56.3 in
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: t = 565 min
24-hour clock: from 1 PM onwards add 12 to the hour (3:45 PM = 15:45). Midnight to 12:59 AM is 00:00–00:59, and 12:00–12:59 PM stays 12:00–12:59. Going back, subtract 12 from hours 13–23 and add PM; hours 00 become 12 AM. Count time across midnight in two parts: up to 24:00 (00:00), then from 00:00 on.
Before midnight
17:00 → 24:00 = 420 min
After midnight
00:00 → 02:25 = 145 min
Total
t = 420 + 145 = 565 min
Answer
t = 565 min
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