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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
How should a nursing assistant count a resident's respirations?
ACounting each rise and each fall of the chest as separate breaths
BAfter asking the resident to breathe normally for one minute
CWithout telling the resident, while still holding the wrist
DFor 10 seconds, then multiplying by six
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
While a resident is being turned, his indwelling urinary catheter accidentally comes out. What should the nursing assistant do?
APut the catheter back in carefully
BMake him comfortable and tell the nurse right away
CLeave it out and mention it at the end of the shift
DTape the catheter to his leg so it looks in place
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A patient’s temperature is 97.2 °F. Convert it to degrees Celsius T with °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9. Round to one decimal place.
97.2 °F
T = °C
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A prescription reads 1 tbsp of an oral suspension every 12 hours for 14 days. The suspension comes in 150 mL bottles. Using 1 tbsp = 15 mL, how many whole bottles N must be supplied so the course is complete?
1 tbspevery 12 hours14 days150 mL1 tbsp = 15 mL
N =
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: C · Without telling the resident, while still holding the wrist
Why this is the answer
Respirations are counted without the resident's knowledge, for example by keeping the fingers on the wrist after counting the pulse. One rise and one fall together count as one breath, and the count is usually done for a full minute if breathing is irregular.
Answer
C · Without telling the resident, while still holding the wrist
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: B · Make him comfortable and tell the nurse right away
Why this is the answer
A catheter that comes out can injure the urethra, and the resident may need a new one. The nursing assistant reports it immediately and keeps the resident clean and comfortable. Only licensed staff insert catheters.
Answer
B · Make him comfortable and tell the nurse right away
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: T = 36.2 °C
Temperature: °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9 and °F = °C × 9/5 + 32. Subtract 32 before you multiply when going from °F, and add 32 after you multiply when going from °C. A quick check: 37 °C is 98.6 °F, and every 1 °C is 1.8 °F.
Subtract 32
97.2 − 32 = 65.2
Multiply by 5/9
T = 65.2·5/9 = 36.22 ≈ 36.2 °C
Answer
T = 36.2 °C
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: N = 3
Dimensional analysis: write the given quantity, then multiply by conversion factors written as fractions (for example 60 min/1 h or 1 mg/1000 mcg) so that each unwanted unit appears once on top and once underneath and cancels. When only the wanted unit is left, calculate. Use the equivalents the question gives and round only the final answer.
Total volume
15 mL × 2 × 14 = 420 mL
Bottles
420/150 = 2.8 → N = 3
Answer
N = 3
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