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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
Which team member usually evaluates a resident's swallowing problems?
AThe speech-language pathologist
BThe physical therapist
CThe social worker
DThe activities director
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
While walking, a resident with Parkinson's disease suddenly "freezes" and cannot move his feet. What may help?
AStay calm and give a cue, such as counting a rhythm
BTell him to hurry before he falls
CLet go of the gait belt so he can find his balance
DPull him forward firmly by the arm to restart walking
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A dose is charted at 5:20 AM. Which entry is the same time on the 24-hour clock? Click it.
5:20 AM
105:20
217:20
304:20
406:20
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A prescription reads ½ tsp of an oral suspension four times a day for 14 days. Using 1 tsp = 5 mL, how many mL V are needed for the whole course?
½ tspfour times a day14 days1 tsp = 5 mL
V = mL
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: A · The speech-language pathologist
Why this is the answer
The speech-language pathologist assesses swallowing (dysphagia) and recommends safe food textures, liquid thickness and feeding techniques.
Answer
A · The speech-language pathologist
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: A · Stay calm and give a cue, such as counting a rhythm
Why this is the answer
Freezing is common in Parkinson's disease. Calm reassurance and cues such as counting, marching in place or stepping over a target can help restart movement. Pulling or rushing can cause a fall.
Answer
A · Stay calm and give a cue, such as counting a rhythm
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: 05:20
24-hour clock: from 1 PM onwards add 12 to the hour (3:45 PM = 15:45). Midnight to 12:59 AM is 00:00–00:59, and 12:00–12:59 PM stays 12:00–12:59. Going back, subtract 12 from hours 13–23 and add PM; hours 00 become 12 AM. Count time across midnight in two parts: up to 24:00 (00:00), then from 00:00 on.
Convert the hour
5 AM → 05
Answer
05:20
Answer
05:20
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: V = 140 mL
Dimensional analysis: write the given quantity, then multiply by conversion factors written as fractions (for example 60 min/1 h or 1 mg/1000 mcg) so that each unwanted unit appears once on top and once underneath and cancels. When only the wanted unit is left, calculate. Use the equivalents the question gives and round only the final answer.
Volume per dose
½ tsp = 0.5·5 = 2.5 mL
Whole course
V = 2.5 mL × 4/day × 14 = 140 mL
Answer
V = 140 mL
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