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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
What is a chemical restraint?
AA drug used to control behavior for convenience, not as treatment
BA soft belt that is treated with a chemical to keep it clean
CA medicine that is given to relieve pain
DA cleaning chemical that is kept locked away from the residents
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
A dying resident no longer wants to eat or drink. Her family urges the nursing assistant to make her eat. What should the nursing assistant do?
AFeed her the whole meal even if she turns her head away from the spoon
BStop offering any food or drink
CTell the family that eating no longer matters and nothing can be done
DOffer small amounts if she wants them, never force, and tell the nurse
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A dose is charted at 09:00 (24-hour clock). Which entry is the same time on the 12-hour clock? Click it.
09:00
111:00 AM
29:00 PM
38:00 AM
49:00 AM
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A prescription reads 1½ tsp of an oral suspension every 8 hours for 10 days. Using 1 tsp = 5 mL, how many mL V are needed for the whole course?
1½ tspevery 8 hours10 days1 tsp = 5 mL
V = mL
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: A · A drug used to control behavior for convenience, not as treatment
Why this is the answer
A chemical restraint is a drug given to control behavior or movement for discipline or convenience rather than to treat a medical condition. Like physical restraints, it is restricted by law and residents' rights.
Answer
A · A drug used to control behavior for convenience, not as treatment
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: D · Offer small amounts if she wants them, never force, and tell the nurse
Why this is the answer
Near death, the body needs less food and fluid, and forcing it can cause choking and discomfort. The resident's wishes are respected, mouth care keeps her comfortable, and the nurse can talk with the family.
Answer
D · Offer small amounts if she wants them, never force, and tell the nurse
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: 9:00 AM
24-hour clock: from 1 PM onwards add 12 to the hour (3:45 PM = 15:45). Midnight to 12:59 AM is 00:00–00:59, and 12:00–12:59 PM stays 12:00–12:59. Going back, subtract 12 from hours 13–23 and add PM; hours 00 become 12 AM. Count time across midnight in two parts: up to 24:00 (00:00), then from 00:00 on.
Convert the hour
09 → 9 AM
Answer
9:00 AM
Answer
9:00 AM
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: V = 225 mL
Dimensional analysis: write the given quantity, then multiply by conversion factors written as fractions (for example 60 min/1 h or 1 mg/1000 mcg) so that each unwanted unit appears once on top and once underneath and cancels. When only the wanted unit is left, calculate. Use the equivalents the question gives and round only the final answer.