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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
Which device helps a resident with a weak grip eat independently?
AA drinking straw only
BA blindfold to improve focus
CUtensils with built-up, large handles
DVery thin, lightweight plastic forks
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
Before lunch, a resident who has diabetes is pale, sweaty, shaky and confused. What should the nursing assistant do?
ATake the resident's temperature and record it at the end of the shift
BLeave the resident alone in the room while finding a snack
CStay with the resident and get the nurse at once
DLet the resident sleep until lunch arrives
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A patient’s temperature is 97.3 °F. Convert it to degrees Celsius T with °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9. Round to one decimal place.
97.3 °F
T = °C
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A haemoglobin result is 16.3 g/dL. Express it in g/L Hb.
16.3 g/dL1 L = 10 dL
Hb = g/L
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: C · Utensils with built-up, large handles
Why this is the answer
Built-up or padded handles are easier to grasp for residents with arthritis or weakness. Other aids include plate guards, scoop dishes and cups with handles. The occupational therapist often recommends them.
Answer
C · Utensils with built-up, large handles
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: C · Stay with the resident and get the nurse at once
Why this is the answer
Shakiness, sweating, pallor and confusion suggest hypoglycemia, which can quickly become an emergency. The nursing assistant stays with the resident, calls the nurse immediately and follows the nurse's instructions, for example about giving a sugary drink.
Answer
C · Stay with the resident and get the nurse at once
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: T = 36.3 °C
Temperature: °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9 and °F = °C × 9/5 + 32. Subtract 32 before you multiply when going from °F, and add 32 after you multiply when going from °C. A quick check: 37 °C is 98.6 °F, and every 1 °C is 1.8 °F.
Subtract 32
97.3 − 32 = 65.3
Multiply by 5/9
T = 65.3·5/9 = 36.28 ≈ 36.3 °C
Answer
T = 36.3 °C
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: Hb = 163 g/L
Dimensional analysis: write the given quantity, then multiply by conversion factors written as fractions (for example 60 min/1 h or 1 mg/1000 mcg) so that each unwanted unit appears once on top and once underneath and cancels. When only the wanted unit is left, calculate. Use the equivalents the question gives and round only the final answer.
Convert
Hb = 16.3 g/dL × 10 dL/L = 163 g/L
Answer
Hb = 163 g/L
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