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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
A nursing assistant suspects that a resident is being abused. When should this be reported?
AAfter first asking the family if they know about it
BOnly after collecting proof that the abuse happened
CAt the end of the week, when the care plans are reviewed
DImmediately, to the nurse or supervisor
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
Before lunch, a resident who has diabetes is pale, sweaty, shaky and confused. What should the nursing assistant do?
ALet the resident sleep until lunch arrives
BStay with the resident and get the nurse at once
CTake the resident's temperature and record it at the end of the shift
DLeave the resident alone in the room while finding a snack
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A patient is 176 cm tall. Using 1 in = 2.54 cm, find the height h in inches. Round to one decimal place.
176 cm1 in = 2.54 cm
h = in
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). An infusion starts at 17:05 and finishes at 01:00 the next morning (24-hour clock). How many hours t did it run? Give the answer in hours as a decimal, rounded to two decimal places.
17:0501:00
t = h
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: D · Immediately, to the nurse or supervisor
Why this is the answer
Nursing assistants must report suspected abuse or neglect at once; they do not need proof and do not investigate themselves. Delaying puts the resident at risk, and failing to report can itself be a violation.
Answer
D · Immediately, to the nurse or supervisor
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: B · Stay with the resident and get the nurse at once
Why this is the answer
Shakiness, sweating, pallor and confusion suggest hypoglycemia, which can quickly become an emergency. The nursing assistant stays with the resident, calls the nurse immediately and follows the nurse's instructions, for example about giving a sugary drink.
Answer
B · Stay with the resident and get the nurse at once
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: h = 69.3 in
Household measures and weight: nursing exams use rounded equivalents: 1 teaspoon (tsp) = 5 mL, 1 tablespoon (tbsp) = 15 mL = 3 tsp, 1 fluid ounce (fl oz) = 30 mL = 2 tbsp, and 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL. For weight, 1 kg = 2.2 lb and 1 lb = 16 oz; for length, 1 inch = 2.54 cm. Set the conversion up so that the unit you do not want cancels out.
Centimetres to inches
h = 176/2.54 = 69.29 ≈ 69.3 in
Answer
h = 69.3 in
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: t = 7.92 h
24-hour clock: from 1 PM onwards add 12 to the hour (3:45 PM = 15:45). Midnight to 12:59 AM is 00:00–00:59, and 12:00–12:59 PM stays 12:00–12:59. Going back, subtract 12 from hours 13–23 and add PM; hours 00 become 12 AM. Count time across midnight in two parts: up to 24:00 (00:00), then from 00:00 on.
Before midnight
17:05 → 24:00 = 415 min
After midnight
00:00 → 01:00 = 60 min
Total
415 + 60 = 475 min
t = 475/60 = 7.917 ≈ 7.92 h
Answer
t = 7.92 h
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