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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
A resident with dementia asks the same question many times. What should the nursing assistant do?
AIgnore the question until she stops asking
BRemind her she has already asked several times
CTell her to write the answer down and stop asking
DAnswer calmly each time, using the same simple words
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
A resident at high risk for falls keeps trying to get up alone at night to use the bathroom. Which plan is most helpful?
AKeep the room completely dark so the resident sleeps through the night
BOffer toileting on a regular schedule, including before bed
CTie the resident to the bed with a sheet at night
DRaise the bed to its highest position at night
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A patient’s temperature is 102.5 °F. Convert it to degrees Celsius T with °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9. Round to one decimal place.
102.5 °F
T = °C
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A maintenance infusion runs at 150 mL/h without a break. How many litres V does it deliver in 24 hours?
150 mL/h24 h
V = L
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: D · Answer calmly each time, using the same simple words
Why this is the answer
Memory loss means the resident may not remember the earlier answer. Patiently answering in the same calm, simple way, or gently redirecting her, reduces frustration. Pointing out the repetition can cause embarrassment.
Answer
D · Answer calmly each time, using the same simple words
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: B · Offer toileting on a regular schedule, including before bed
Why this is the answer
Regular toileting, a night light, a low bed and the call light within reach reduce the reason to get up alone and the chance of injury. Tying a resident down is an illegal restraint and raises the risk of harm.
Answer
B · Offer toileting on a regular schedule, including before bed
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: T = 39.2 °C
Temperature: °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9 and °F = °C × 9/5 + 32. Subtract 32 before you multiply when going from °F, and add 32 after you multiply when going from °C. A quick check: 37 °C is 98.6 °F, and every 1 °C is 1.8 °F.
Subtract 32
102.5 − 32 = 70.5
Multiply by 5/9
T = 70.5·5/9 = 39.17 ≈ 39.2 °C
Answer
T = 39.2 °C
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: V = 3.6 L
Dimensional analysis: write the given quantity, then multiply by conversion factors written as fractions (for example 60 min/1 h or 1 mg/1000 mcg) so that each unwanted unit appears once on top and once underneath and cancels. When only the wanted unit is left, calculate. Use the equivalents the question gives and round only the final answer.
Volume in a day
150 mL/h × 24 h = 3600 mL
In litres
V = 3600/1000 = 3.6 L
Answer
V = 3.6 L
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