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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
Where should the nursing assistant walk when helping a resident with one-sided weakness to walk?
AIn front of the resident, pulling them gently by the hands
BA few steps behind, without touching the resident
CBeside the resident on the stronger side
DSlightly behind the resident on the weaker side, holding the gait belt
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
A resident is confused, breathes through her mouth and has a history of seizures. Which temperature method is usually safest?
AAn oral digital thermometer held in the teeth
BSkipping her temperature for the whole day
CAn oral glass thermometer under the tongue
DA tympanic (ear) or temporal artery thermometer
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A dose is charted at 11:25 PM. Which entry is the same time on the 24-hour clock? Click it.
11:25 PM
123:25
200:25
322:25
411:25
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A prescription reads 1 tbsp of an oral suspension every 8 hours for 5 days. Using 1 tbsp = 15 mL, how many mL V are needed for the whole course?
1 tbspevery 8 hours5 days1 tbsp = 15 mL
V = mL
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: D · Slightly behind the resident on the weaker side, holding the gait belt
Why this is the answer
The nursing assistant walks slightly behind and to the weak side, with a hand on the gait belt. From there they can support the resident and guide a fall if needed.
Answer
D · Slightly behind the resident on the weaker side, holding the gait belt
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: D · A tympanic (ear) or temporal artery thermometer
Why this is the answer
For a confused resident with seizures and mouth breathing, an oral thermometer is unsafe and inaccurate. An ear or temporal artery thermometer is safe and quick, as allowed by facility policy.
Answer
D · A tympanic (ear) or temporal artery thermometer
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: 23:25
24-hour clock: from 1 PM onwards add 12 to the hour (3:45 PM = 15:45). Midnight to 12:59 AM is 00:00–00:59, and 12:00–12:59 PM stays 12:00–12:59. Going back, subtract 12 from hours 13–23 and add PM; hours 00 become 12 AM. Count time across midnight in two parts: up to 24:00 (00:00), then from 00:00 on.
Convert the hour
11 PM → 11 + 12 = 23
Answer
23:25
Answer
23:25
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: V = 225 mL
Dimensional analysis: write the given quantity, then multiply by conversion factors written as fractions (for example 60 min/1 h or 1 mg/1000 mcg) so that each unwanted unit appears once on top and once underneath and cancels. When only the wanted unit is left, calculate. Use the equivalents the question gives and round only the final answer.
Volume per dose
1 tbsp = 1·15 = 15 mL
Whole course
V = 15 mL × 3/day × 5 = 225 mL
Answer
V = 225 mL
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