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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
Which is one of the five rights of delegation?
ARight family member
BRight diagnosis
CRight task
DRight medication cup
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
A resident's care plan says "partial weight-bearing, right leg, walker at all times." Today he wants to walk without his walker. What should the nursing assistant do?
ATell him he cannot walk at all today
BRemind him of the plan, encourage the walker and report a refusal
CCarry him so his leg does not bear any weight
DLet him walk without the walker today, because he says he feels stronger
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A dose calculation for an injection gives 4.6174 mL. The rule in this exercise is that volumes of 1 mL or more are rounded to the nearest tenth of a mL. What value x do you record?
4.6174 mL
x = mL
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A haemoglobin result is 120 g/L. Express it in g/dL Hb.
120 g/L1 L = 10 dL
Hb = g/dL
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: C · Right task
Why this is the answer
The five rights of delegation are right task, right circumstance, right person, right directions and communication, and right supervision and evaluation. They help the nurse delegate safely.
Answer
C · Right task
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: B · Remind him of the plan, encourage the walker and report a refusal
Why this is the answer
Walking without the walker could put too much weight on the healing leg and cause a fall. The nursing assistant explains the plan and encourages him. If he still refuses, his right is respected and the nurse is told.
Answer
B · Remind him of the plan, encourage the walker and report a refusal
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: x = 4.6 mL
Rounding: look at the digit just after the place you round to: 5 or more rounds up, 4 or less leaves the digit as it is. Round only the final answer, never the steps. Typical exam rules: volumes of 1 mL or more to the nearest tenth, volumes below 1 mL to the nearest hundredth, drip rates to whole drops and weights to one decimal place; always follow the rule the question states.
Digit in the tenths place
4.6174 → 6
Only the next digit decides
4.6174 → 1
1 is 4 or less, so 6 stays.
The digits after it (74) are ignored: round once, never step by step.
Round
x = 4.6 mL
Answer
x = 4.6 mL
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: Hb = 12 g/dL
Dimensional analysis: write the given quantity, then multiply by conversion factors written as fractions (for example 60 min/1 h or 1 mg/1000 mcg) so that each unwanted unit appears once on top and once underneath and cancels. When only the wanted unit is left, calculate. Use the equivalents the question gives and round only the final answer.
Convert
Hb = 120 g/L × (1 L/10 dL) = 12 g/dL
Answer
Hb = 12 g/dL
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