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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
Which signs are typical of Parkinson's disease?
ATremor, stiff muscles, slow movement and a shuffling walk
BSudden weakness on one side and slurred speech
CHigh fever, stiff neck and a rash
DA fast heartbeat, sweating and shakiness from low blood sugar
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
A resident says, "I've been saving my pills, and soon I won't be a burden to anyone." What should the nursing assistant do?
AStay with the resident and get the nurse immediately
BReport it at the end of the shift
CTell the resident not to talk like that and leave the room
DPromise to keep it secret if the resident gives up the pills
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A patient’s temperature is 35.2 °C. Convert it to degrees Fahrenheit T with °F = °C × 9/5 + 32. Round to one decimal place.
35.2 °C
T = °F
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). An infusion starts at 20:25 and finishes at 01:20 the next morning (24-hour clock). How many minutes t did it run?
20:2501:20
t = min
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: A · Tremor, stiff muscles, slow movement and a shuffling walk
Why this is the answer
Parkinson's disease causes tremor (often at rest), rigidity, slow movement and a shuffling gait with poor balance. Residents are at high risk of falls and may have swallowing problems.
Answer
A · Tremor, stiff muscles, slow movement and a shuffling walk
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: A · Stay with the resident and get the nurse immediately
Why this is the answer
Talk of being a burden together with saving pills can signal a suicide plan. The nursing assistant does not leave the resident alone, gets the nurse right away and never promises to keep it secret.
Answer
A · Stay with the resident and get the nurse immediately
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: T = 95.4 °F
Temperature: °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9 and °F = °C × 9/5 + 32. Subtract 32 before you multiply when going from °F, and add 32 after you multiply when going from °C. A quick check: 37 °C is 98.6 °F, and every 1 °C is 1.8 °F.
Multiply by 9/5
35.2·9/5 = 63.36
Add 32
T = 63.36 + 32 = 95.36 ≈ 95.4 °F
Answer
T = 95.4 °F
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: t = 295 min
24-hour clock: from 1 PM onwards add 12 to the hour (3:45 PM = 15:45). Midnight to 12:59 AM is 00:00–00:59, and 12:00–12:59 PM stays 12:00–12:59. Going back, subtract 12 from hours 13–23 and add PM; hours 00 become 12 AM. Count time across midnight in two parts: up to 24:00 (00:00), then from 00:00 on.
Before midnight
20:25 → 24:00 = 215 min
After midnight
00:00 → 01:20 = 80 min
Total
t = 215 + 80 = 295 min
Answer
t = 295 min
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