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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
Why can bed side rails be dangerous for some residents?
AResidents can get trapped in gaps or fall climbing over them
BThey make the bed too warm and stuffy for the resident
CThey are only dangerous for staff, who may pinch their fingers
DThey make the call light stop working
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
A resident has been in a lap belt restraint (ordered) for 2 hours. What should the nursing assistant do?
ARelease it, reposition the resident, offer the toilet and fluids, and check the skin
BLeave it on, because it was ordered for the whole shift
CTighten it, because the resident has been moving a lot
DRelease it and leave the resident alone without telling anyone
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A patient’s temperature is 35.8 °C. Convert it to degrees Fahrenheit T with °F = °C × 9/5 + 32. Round to one decimal place.
35.8 °C
T = °F
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A prescription reads 1 tsp of an oral suspension every 8 hours for 14 days. The suspension comes in 50 mL bottles. Using 1 tsp = 5 mL, how many whole bottles N must be supplied so the course is complete?
1 tspevery 8 hours14 days50 mL1 tsp = 5 mL
N =
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: A · Residents can get trapped in gaps or fall climbing over them
Why this is the answer
Side rails can cause entrapment between the rail and mattress, and residents may fall from a greater height when climbing over them. Their use depends on assessment, the care plan and resident consent.
Answer
A · Residents can get trapped in gaps or fall climbing over them
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: A · Release it, reposition the resident, offer the toilet and fluids, and check the skin
Why this is the answer
A restrained resident is checked often (many policies say at least every 15 minutes) and the restraint is released at least every 2 hours to reposition, exercise, offer toileting and fluids and check the skin. Everything is documented.
Answer
A · Release it, reposition the resident, offer the toilet and fluids, and check the skin
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: T = 96.4 °F
Temperature: °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9 and °F = °C × 9/5 + 32. Subtract 32 before you multiply when going from °F, and add 32 after you multiply when going from °C. A quick check: 37 °C is 98.6 °F, and every 1 °C is 1.8 °F.
Multiply by 9/5
35.8·9/5 = 64.44
Add 32
T = 64.44 + 32 = 96.44 ≈ 96.4 °F
Answer
T = 96.4 °F
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: N = 5
Dimensional analysis: write the given quantity, then multiply by conversion factors written as fractions (for example 60 min/1 h or 1 mg/1000 mcg) so that each unwanted unit appears once on top and once underneath and cancels. When only the wanted unit is left, calculate. Use the equivalents the question gives and round only the final answer.
Total volume
5 mL × 3 × 14 = 210 mL
Bottles
210/50 = 4.2 → N = 5
Answer
N = 5
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