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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
During perineal care, when should the nursing assistant change gloves?
AOnly if the resident asks the nursing assistant for new gloves
BOnly at the very end of the shift
CBefore moving from the soiled area to a clean task
DOnly if the gloves tear during care
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
The care plan says a heavy resident needs two staff to reposition him. The other nursing assistant is busy. What should the nursing assistant do?
AWait for, or ask for, a second staff member
BReposition the resident alone, because it is time
CSkip the repositioning for this shift
DAsk the resident's visitor to help lift him
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A patient is 4 ft 2 in tall. Using 1 ft = 12 in and 1 in = 2.54 cm, find the height h in centimetres, to the nearest whole centimetre.
4 ft 2 in1 ft = 12 in1 in = 2.54 cm
h = cm
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A prescription reads 1 tsp of an oral suspension four times a day for 7 days. The suspension comes in 50 mL bottles. Using 1 tsp = 5 mL, how many whole bottles N must be supplied so the course is complete?
1 tspfour times a day7 days50 mL1 tsp = 5 mL
N =
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: C · Before moving from the soiled area to a clean task
Why this is the answer
Gloves are changed when they become soiled and before touching clean areas, clean linen or supplies, with hand hygiene in between. This stops germs moving from the perineal area to other places.
Answer
C · Before moving from the soiled area to a clean task
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: A · Wait for, or ask for, a second staff member
Why this is the answer
Working alone against the care plan risks injury to the resident and the nursing assistant. The safe choice is to get trained help, or tell the nurse if no one is free, so the repositioning is done safely and on time.
Answer
A · Wait for, or ask for, a second staff member
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: h = 127 cm
Household measures and weight: nursing exams use rounded equivalents: 1 teaspoon (tsp) = 5 mL, 1 tablespoon (tbsp) = 15 mL = 3 tsp, 1 fluid ounce (fl oz) = 30 mL = 2 tbsp, and 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL. For weight, 1 kg = 2.2 lb and 1 lb = 16 oz; for length, 1 inch = 2.54 cm. Set the conversion up so that the unit you do not want cancels out.
Height in inches
4·12 + 2 = 50 in
Inches to centimetres
h = 50·2.54 = 127 cm
Answer
h = 127 cm
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: N = 3
Dimensional analysis: write the given quantity, then multiply by conversion factors written as fractions (for example 60 min/1 h or 1 mg/1000 mcg) so that each unwanted unit appears once on top and once underneath and cancels. When only the wanted unit is left, calculate. Use the equivalents the question gives and round only the final answer.
Total volume
5 mL × 4 × 7 = 140 mL
Bottles
140/50 = 2.8 → N = 3
Answer
N = 3
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