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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
A resident with a swallowing problem has just finished eating. How should the resident be positioned?
AKept sitting upright for at least 30 minutes
BTurned onto the stomach to rest
CReclined with the feet raised above the head
DLaid flat right away so the food settles
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
A resident at high risk for falls keeps trying to get up alone at night to use the bathroom. Which plan is most helpful?
AOffer toileting on a regular schedule, including before bed
BKeep the room completely dark so the resident sleeps through the night
CRaise the bed to its highest position at night
DTie the resident to the bed with a sheet at night
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A dose is charted at 06:15 (24-hour clock). Which entry is the same time on the 12-hour clock? Click it.
06:15
18:15 AM
26:15 AM
36:15 PM
45:15 AM
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). During a shift a patient takes ¾ cup of tea, 2½ tsp of cough syrup, 1 fl oz of juice. Using the equivalents given, find the total oral intake V in mL.
1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL1 tsp = 5 mL1 fl oz = 30 mL
V = mL
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: A · Kept sitting upright for at least 30 minutes
Why this is the answer
Staying upright for at least 30 minutes after eating (or as long as the care plan says) helps prevent aspiration and reflux.
Answer
A · Kept sitting upright for at least 30 minutes
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: A · Offer toileting on a regular schedule, including before bed
Why this is the answer
Regular toileting, a night light, a low bed and the call light within reach reduce the reason to get up alone and the chance of injury. Tying a resident down is an illegal restraint and raises the risk of harm.
Answer
A · Offer toileting on a regular schedule, including before bed
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: 6:15 AM
24-hour clock: from 1 PM onwards add 12 to the hour (3:45 PM = 15:45). Midnight to 12:59 AM is 00:00–00:59, and 12:00–12:59 PM stays 12:00–12:59. Going back, subtract 12 from hours 13–23 and add PM; hours 00 become 12 AM. Count time across midnight in two parts: up to 24:00 (00:00), then from 00:00 on.
Convert the hour
06 → 6 AM
Answer
6:15 AM
Answer
6:15 AM
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: V = 222.5 mL
Household measures and weight: nursing exams use rounded equivalents: 1 teaspoon (tsp) = 5 mL, 1 tablespoon (tbsp) = 15 mL = 3 tsp, 1 fluid ounce (fl oz) = 30 mL = 2 tbsp, and 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL. For weight, 1 kg = 2.2 lb and 1 lb = 16 oz; for length, 1 inch = 2.54 cm. Set the conversion up so that the unit you do not want cancels out.
Each item in mL
¾ cup = 0.75·240 = 180 mL
2½ tsp = 2.5·5 = 12.5 mL
1 fl oz = 1·30 = 30 mL
Add
V = 180 + 12.5 + 30 = 222.5 mL
Answer
V = 222.5 mL
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