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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
How can a nursing assistant make daily weights as accurate as possible?
AWearing shoes and a coat, so the clothing is always the same
BAny time of day, as long as the scale is checked beforehand
CRight after breakfast, so the resident has more energy
DSame time, same scale, similar clothing, after urinating
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
During morning care, a resident with dementia suddenly hits the nursing assistant and shouts. What should the nursing assistant do?
ALeave the resident alone for the rest of the shift without telling anyone
BStep back, stay calm, keep the resident safe and try again later
CHold the resident's arms down firmly to finish the care
DRaise their voice so the resident knows the behavior is unacceptable
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A patient is 185 cm tall. Using 1 in = 2.54 cm, find the height h in inches. Round to one decimal place.
185 cm1 in = 2.54 cm
h = in
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). An infusion starts at 22:45 and finishes at 02:55 the next morning (24-hour clock). How many minutes t did it run?
22:4502:55
t = min
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: D · Same time, same scale, similar clothing, after urinating
Why this is the answer
Weight is measured at the same time of day, on the same scale, in similar clothing and after the resident has emptied the bladder. A sudden change is reported because it may mean fluid gain or loss.
Answer
D · Same time, same scale, similar clothing, after urinating
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: B · Step back, stay calm, keep the resident safe and try again later
Why this is the answer
Aggression in dementia is often a catastrophic reaction to being overwhelmed. Step out of reach, stay calm, make sure the resident is safe, approach again later in a calm way and report the event so the care team can look for triggers such as pain.
Answer
B · Step back, stay calm, keep the resident safe and try again later
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: h = 72.8 in
Household measures and weight: nursing exams use rounded equivalents: 1 teaspoon (tsp) = 5 mL, 1 tablespoon (tbsp) = 15 mL = 3 tsp, 1 fluid ounce (fl oz) = 30 mL = 2 tbsp, and 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL. For weight, 1 kg = 2.2 lb and 1 lb = 16 oz; for length, 1 inch = 2.54 cm. Set the conversion up so that the unit you do not want cancels out.
Centimetres to inches
h = 185/2.54 = 72.83 ≈ 72.8 in
Answer
h = 72.8 in
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: t = 250 min
24-hour clock: from 1 PM onwards add 12 to the hour (3:45 PM = 15:45). Midnight to 12:59 AM is 00:00–00:59, and 12:00–12:59 PM stays 12:00–12:59. Going back, subtract 12 from hours 13–23 and add PM; hours 00 become 12 AM. Count time across midnight in two parts: up to 24:00 (00:00), then from 00:00 on.
Before midnight
22:45 → 24:00 = 75 min
After midnight
00:00 → 02:55 = 175 min
Total
t = 75 + 175 = 250 min
Answer
t = 250 min
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