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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
Why does a resident sit on the edge of the bed for a short time (dangle) before standing?
ATo let the blood pressure adjust and prevent dizziness
BTo stretch the muscles of the lower back before standing up
CTo give the bed time to lower itself
DTo warm the feet before putting on shoes
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
A resident who receives tube feedings takes nothing by mouth. How often does she need mouth care?
AOften, because the mouth gets dry even without eating
BOnce a week, at the same time her bed linen is changed
CNever, because no food or drink goes into her mouth
DOnly when her family comes to visit
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A dose is charted at 11:50 PM. Which entry is the same time on the 24-hour clock? Click it.
11:50 PM
100:50
223:50
311:50
422:50
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). An infusion delivers 12 mcg/min. Express this dose rate D in mg/h.
12 mcg/min1 h = 60 min1 mg = 1000 mcg
D = mg/h
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: A · To let the blood pressure adjust and prevent dizziness
Why this is the answer
Dangling gives the body time to adjust to the change in position. This lowers the risk of orthostatic hypotension, where blood pressure drops on standing and the resident becomes dizzy and may fall.
Answer
A · To let the blood pressure adjust and prevent dizziness
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: A · Often, because the mouth gets dry even without eating
Why this is the answer
Residents who are NPO or tube-fed still need frequent mouth care. Without food and drinks, the mouth and lips become dry and coated, which can cause sores, infection and discomfort.
Answer
A · Often, because the mouth gets dry even without eating
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: 23:50
24-hour clock: from 1 PM onwards add 12 to the hour (3:45 PM = 15:45). Midnight to 12:59 AM is 00:00–00:59, and 12:00–12:59 PM stays 12:00–12:59. Going back, subtract 12 from hours 13–23 and add PM; hours 00 become 12 AM. Count time across midnight in two parts: up to 24:00 (00:00), then from 00:00 on.
Convert the hour
11 PM → 11 + 12 = 23
Answer
23:50
Answer
23:50
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: D = 0.72 mg/h
Dimensional analysis: write the given quantity, then multiply by conversion factors written as fractions (for example 60 min/1 h or 1 mg/1000 mcg) so that each unwanted unit appears once on top and once underneath and cancels. When only the wanted unit is left, calculate. Use the equivalents the question gives and round only the final answer.
Set up the chain
D = 12 mcg/min × (60 min/1 h) × (1 mg/1000 mcg)
Calculate
D = 12·60/1000 = 0.72 mg/h
Answer
D = 0.72 mg/h
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