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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
How should cleaning chemicals be stored in a care facility?
AIn their original labeled containers, locked away from residents
BIn unlabeled bottles on the hallway shelf
CIn residents' rooms, so that staff can reach them quickly when needed
DIn empty drink bottles to save space
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
A resident who is dying is unresponsive. Her family is at the bedside. Which action by the nursing assistant is most appropriate?
AKeep giving mouth care and repositioning, and talk to her
BStop all care now, because she can no longer feel or hear anything
CTell the family to whisper, because she can still hear them
DAsk the family to leave every time care is given
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A patient’s temperature is 36.7 °C. Convert it to degrees Fahrenheit T with °F = °C × 9/5 + 32. Round to one decimal place.
36.7 °C
T = °F
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). During a shift a patient takes 1 tsp of cough syrup, 2 cups of tea, 3 fl oz of juice. Using the equivalents given, find the total oral intake V in mL.
1 tsp = 5 mL1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL1 fl oz = 30 mL
V = mL
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: A · In their original labeled containers, locked away from residents
Why this is the answer
Chemicals stay in their original labeled containers and are stored securely away from residents, especially those with dementia, to prevent poisoning. Mixing chemicals is avoided because some combinations release toxic fumes.
Answer
A · In their original labeled containers, locked away from residents
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: A · Keep giving mouth care and repositioning, and talk to her
Why this is the answer
Mouth care, repositioning, keeping the skin clean and dry, and talking to the resident continue until death. Families are encouraged to talk to her and can stay or help if they wish; the nursing assistant protects privacy as needed.
Answer
A · Keep giving mouth care and repositioning, and talk to her
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: T = 98.1 °F
Temperature: °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9 and °F = °C × 9/5 + 32. Subtract 32 before you multiply when going from °F, and add 32 after you multiply when going from °C. A quick check: 37 °C is 98.6 °F, and every 1 °C is 1.8 °F.
Multiply by 9/5
36.7·9/5 = 66.06
Add 32
T = 66.06 + 32 = 98.06 ≈ 98.1 °F
Answer
T = 98.1 °F
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: V = 575 mL
Household measures and weight: nursing exams use rounded equivalents: 1 teaspoon (tsp) = 5 mL, 1 tablespoon (tbsp) = 15 mL = 3 tsp, 1 fluid ounce (fl oz) = 30 mL = 2 tbsp, and 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL. For weight, 1 kg = 2.2 lb and 1 lb = 16 oz; for length, 1 inch = 2.54 cm. Set the conversion up so that the unit you do not want cancels out.
Each item in mL
1 tsp = 1·5 = 5 mL
2 cups = 2·240 = 480 mL
3 fl oz = 3·30 = 90 mL
Add
V = 5 + 480 + 90 = 575 mL
Answer
V = 575 mL
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