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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
How many staff are usually needed to use a mechanical (full-body) lift?
AThree or four, one for each corner of the sling
BOne, because the machine does the lifting
COnly one, as long as the resident is light
DAt least two, according to facility policy
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
After a stroke, a resident's left hand is starting to curl into a fist. What is the care plan most likely to include to prevent a contracture?
ARange-of-motion exercises and a hand splint or roll as ordered
BLeaving the hand alone, because nothing can be done after a stroke
CTying the hand to the bed rail with the fingers open
DKeeping the hand in a tight fist to rest the muscles
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A patient’s temperature is 98.9 °F. Convert it to degrees Celsius T with °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9. Round to one decimal place.
98.9 °F
T = °C
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). An infusion starts at 17:30 and finishes at 00:35 the next morning (24-hour clock). How many minutes t did it run?
17:3000:35
t = min
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: D · At least two, according to facility policy
Why this is the answer
Most facilities require at least two trained staff to use a mechanical lift: one to operate it and one to guide the resident and keep them safe. The nursing assistant follows facility policy and the care plan.
Answer
D · At least two, according to facility policy
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: A · Range-of-motion exercises and a hand splint or roll as ordered
Why this is the answer
Regular range-of-motion exercises and positioning devices such as splints or hand rolls, applied as ordered, keep the fingers and wrist from becoming fixed in a curled position.
Answer
A · Range-of-motion exercises and a hand splint or roll as ordered
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: T = 37.2 °C
Temperature: °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9 and °F = °C × 9/5 + 32. Subtract 32 before you multiply when going from °F, and add 32 after you multiply when going from °C. A quick check: 37 °C is 98.6 °F, and every 1 °C is 1.8 °F.
Subtract 32
98.9 − 32 = 66.9
Multiply by 5/9
T = 66.9·5/9 = 37.17 ≈ 37.2 °C
Answer
T = 37.2 °C
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: t = 425 min
24-hour clock: from 1 PM onwards add 12 to the hour (3:45 PM = 15:45). Midnight to 12:59 AM is 00:00–00:59, and 12:00–12:59 PM stays 12:00–12:59. Going back, subtract 12 from hours 13–23 and add PM; hours 00 become 12 AM. Count time across midnight in two parts: up to 24:00 (00:00), then from 00:00 on.
Before midnight
17:30 → 24:00 = 390 min
After midnight
00:00 → 00:35 = 35 min
Total
t = 390 + 35 = 425 min
Answer
t = 425 min
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