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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
When feeding a resident, where should the nursing assistant sit?
ABehind the resident so the resident is not distracted
BStanding over the resident to reach the tray easily
CBeside the bed, facing the television
DAt the resident's eye level, facing the resident
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
A resident with an ileostomy has red, sore skin around the stoma. Why is the skin around an ileostomy at special risk?
AThe pouch is changed too often and pulls off the skin
BThe resident's skin is allergic to the stoma itself
CThe output is hard and dry and scrapes the skin as it passes
DIts liquid output contains enzymes that irritate the skin
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A patient is 164 cm tall. Using 1 in = 2.54 cm, find the height h in inches. Round to one decimal place.
164 cm1 in = 2.54 cm
h = in
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). An infusion starts at 23:45 and finishes at 04:55 the next morning (24-hour clock). How many minutes t did it run?
23:4504:55
t = min
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: D · At the resident's eye level, facing the resident
Why this is the answer
Sitting at eye level facing the resident is respectful, allows conversation and lets the nursing assistant watch for chewing and swallowing problems. Standing over a resident can feel rushed and controlling.
Answer
D · At the resident's eye level, facing the resident
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: D · Its liquid output contains enzymes that irritate the skin
Why this is the answer
Stool from the small intestine is liquid and contains digestive enzymes, which can quickly damage the skin. A well-fitting pouch, prompt emptying and reporting skin changes protect the skin.
Answer
D · Its liquid output contains enzymes that irritate the skin
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: h = 64.6 in
Household measures and weight: nursing exams use rounded equivalents: 1 teaspoon (tsp) = 5 mL, 1 tablespoon (tbsp) = 15 mL = 3 tsp, 1 fluid ounce (fl oz) = 30 mL = 2 tbsp, and 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL. For weight, 1 kg = 2.2 lb and 1 lb = 16 oz; for length, 1 inch = 2.54 cm. Set the conversion up so that the unit you do not want cancels out.
Centimetres to inches
h = 164/2.54 = 64.57 ≈ 64.6 in
Answer
h = 64.6 in
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: t = 310 min
24-hour clock: from 1 PM onwards add 12 to the hour (3:45 PM = 15:45). Midnight to 12:59 AM is 00:00–00:59, and 12:00–12:59 PM stays 12:00–12:59. Going back, subtract 12 from hours 13–23 and add PM; hours 00 become 12 AM. Count time across midnight in two parts: up to 24:00 (00:00), then from 00:00 on.
Before midnight
23:45 → 24:00 = 15 min
After midnight
00:00 → 04:55 = 295 min
Total
t = 15 + 295 = 310 min
Answer
t = 310 min
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