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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
When should an ostomy pouch usually be emptied?
AOnly when it is completely full
BOnce a week, when the whole pouch is changed
CWhen it is about one-third to one-half full
DOnly at bedtime
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
A resident tells the nursing assistant that a night-shift worker was rough with her and called her names. She asks the nursing assistant not to report it because she is afraid. What should the nursing assistant do?
AReassure her and report it at once, per the abuse policy
BKeep it secret, because the resident has asked you not to report it
CSpeak to the night-shift worker privately first
DWait to see if it happens again before reporting
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A dose is charted at 04:55 (24-hour clock). Which entry is the same time on the 12-hour clock? Click it.
04:55
14:55 PM
26:55 AM
33:55 AM
44:55 AM
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A prescription reads 2 tsp of an oral suspension three times a day for 7 days. The suspension comes in 100 mL bottles. Using 1 tsp = 5 mL, how many whole bottles N must be supplied so the course is complete?
2 tspthree times a day7 days100 mL1 tsp = 5 mL
N =
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: C · When it is about one-third to one-half full
Why this is the answer
Emptying the pouch when it is about one-third to one-half full prevents leaks and skin damage. The nursing assistant notes the amount and look of the output and reports changes.
Answer
C · When it is about one-third to one-half full
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: A · Reassure her and report it at once, per the abuse policy
Why this is the answer
Nursing assistants must report suspected abuse immediately, even if the resident asks them not to. The resident is reassured that she will be protected from retaliation, and the facility investigates.
Answer
A · Reassure her and report it at once, per the abuse policy
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: 4:55 AM
24-hour clock: from 1 PM onwards add 12 to the hour (3:45 PM = 15:45). Midnight to 12:59 AM is 00:00–00:59, and 12:00–12:59 PM stays 12:00–12:59. Going back, subtract 12 from hours 13–23 and add PM; hours 00 become 12 AM. Count time across midnight in two parts: up to 24:00 (00:00), then from 00:00 on.
Convert the hour
04 → 4 AM
Answer
4:55 AM
Answer
4:55 AM
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: N = 3
Dimensional analysis: write the given quantity, then multiply by conversion factors written as fractions (for example 60 min/1 h or 1 mg/1000 mcg) so that each unwanted unit appears once on top and once underneath and cancels. When only the wanted unit is left, calculate. Use the equivalents the question gives and round only the final answer.
Total volume
10 mL × 3 × 7 = 210 mL
Bottles
210/100 = 2.1 → N = 3
Answer
N = 3
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