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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
What is "sundowning" in a resident with dementia?
AA drop in blood pressure that happens only at night
BA skin reaction after time spent outside in the sun
CSleeping most of the day and staying awake all night by choice
DMore confusion and agitation late in the day
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
A nursing assistant hears a coworker yelling at a resident and threatening to skip the resident's dinner. What should the nursing assistant do?
ASpeak with the coworker privately later and not report it
BWait to see whether it happens again before reporting
CTell the resident not to make the coworker angry again
DMake sure the resident is safe and report it to the nurse or supervisor at once
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A dose is charted at 22:45 (24-hour clock). Which entry is the same time on the 12-hour clock? Click it.
22:45
19:45 PM
210:45 PM
312:45 PM
410:45 AM
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). An infusion starts at 18:35 and finishes at 03:05 the next morning (24-hour clock). How many minutes t did it run?
18:3503:05
t = min
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: D · More confusion and agitation late in the day
Why this is the answer
Sundowning is increased confusion, agitation or wandering later in the day. A calm environment, good lighting, a predictable routine, limiting caffeine and planning activities earlier in the day can help.
Answer
D · More confusion and agitation late in the day
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: D · Make sure the resident is safe and report it to the nurse or supervisor at once
Why this is the answer
Threatening to withhold food and yelling are verbal and psychological abuse. The nursing assistant first makes sure the resident is safe, then reports immediately as the facility's policy and the law require. Reporting is required even when the abuser is a colleague.
Answer
D · Make sure the resident is safe and report it to the nurse or supervisor at once
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: 10:45 PM
24-hour clock: from 1 PM onwards add 12 to the hour (3:45 PM = 15:45). Midnight to 12:59 AM is 00:00–00:59, and 12:00–12:59 PM stays 12:00–12:59. Going back, subtract 12 from hours 13–23 and add PM; hours 00 become 12 AM. Count time across midnight in two parts: up to 24:00 (00:00), then from 00:00 on.
Convert the hour
22 − 12 = 10 → PM
Answer
10:45 PM
Answer
10:45 PM
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: t = 510 min
24-hour clock: from 1 PM onwards add 12 to the hour (3:45 PM = 15:45). Midnight to 12:59 AM is 00:00–00:59, and 12:00–12:59 PM stays 12:00–12:59. Going back, subtract 12 from hours 13–23 and add PM; hours 00 become 12 AM. Count time across midnight in two parts: up to 24:00 (00:00), then from 00:00 on.