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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
How can a nursing assistant help a new resident feel welcome on admission?
AIntroduce themselves and show the room, call light and bathroom
BUnpack and rearrange her belongings without asking
CTell her the rules and leave quickly
DLeave the resident alone for the whole first day so she can adjust
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
Before helping a resident from a wheelchair to bed, the nursing assistant finds that one wheelchair brake does not hold. What should the nursing assistant do?
ADo the transfer quickly before the wheelchair moves
BAsk the resident to hold the bed rail and pull
CHold the wheelchair still with one foot during the transfer
DUse a different wheelchair and report the broken brake
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A patient’s temperature is 104.2 °F. Convert it to degrees Celsius T with °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9. Round to one decimal place.
104.2 °F
T = °C
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A prescription reads 1½ tsp of an oral suspension every 6 hours for 10 days. Using 1 tsp = 5 mL, how many mL V are needed for the whole course?
1½ tspevery 6 hours10 days1 tsp = 5 mL
V = mL
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: A · Introduce themselves and show the room, call light and bathroom
Why this is the answer
A warm welcome, introductions and showing the resident how things work, especially the call light, ease fear and help the resident feel safe. Belongings are handled with the resident's permission.
Answer
A · Introduce themselves and show the room, call light and bathroom
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: D · Use a different wheelchair and report the broken brake
Why this is the answer
A wheelchair whose brakes do not lock can roll away during a transfer. The nursing assistant takes it out of use, gets safe equipment and reports the problem so it can be repaired.
Answer
D · Use a different wheelchair and report the broken brake
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: T = 40.1 °C
Temperature: °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9 and °F = °C × 9/5 + 32. Subtract 32 before you multiply when going from °F, and add 32 after you multiply when going from °C. A quick check: 37 °C is 98.6 °F, and every 1 °C is 1.8 °F.
Subtract 32
104.2 − 32 = 72.2
Multiply by 5/9
T = 72.2·5/9 = 40.11 ≈ 40.1 °C
Answer
T = 40.1 °C
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: V = 300 mL
Dimensional analysis: write the given quantity, then multiply by conversion factors written as fractions (for example 60 min/1 h or 1 mg/1000 mcg) so that each unwanted unit appears once on top and once underneath and cancels. When only the wanted unit is left, calculate. Use the equivalents the question gives and round only the final answer.
Volume per dose
1½ tsp = 1.5·5 = 7.5 mL
Whole course
V = 7.5 mL × 4/day × 10 = 300 mL
Answer
V = 300 mL
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