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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
When should a specimen container be labeled?
ANever, because the lab can guess whose it is
BAt the end of the shift, with all the other specimens
COnly after it reaches the laboratory
DAt the bedside, with the correct name, date and time
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
A resident with suspected kidney stones has an order to have all urine strained. What should be done with any particles found?
APlace them in a labeled specimen container and give them to the nurse
BShow the particles to the resident and then discard them in the toilet
CFlush them down the toilet once the urine is measured
DThrow away the strainer and the particles together
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A dose is charted at 13:25 (24-hour clock). Which entry is the same time on the 12-hour clock? Click it.
13:25
11:25 PM
21:25 AM
33:25 PM
412:25 PM
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A serum creatinine result is 1.3 mg/dL. Using 1 mg/dL = 88.4 µmol/L for creatinine, find c in µmol/L to the nearest whole number.
1.3 mg/dL1 mg/dL = 88.4 µmol/L
c = µmol/L
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: D · At the bedside, with the correct name, date and time
Why this is the answer
Specimens are labeled at the bedside with the resident's correct identifying information, date and time, following policy. Labels prevent mix-ups that could lead to wrong results and wrong treatment.
Answer
D · At the bedside, with the correct name, date and time
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: A · Place them in a labeled specimen container and give them to the nurse
Why this is the answer
Straining catches stones or gravel so they can be sent to the laboratory for analysis. Any particles are saved in a labeled specimen container and given to the nurse.
Answer
A · Place them in a labeled specimen container and give them to the nurse
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: 1:25 PM
24-hour clock: from 1 PM onwards add 12 to the hour (3:45 PM = 15:45). Midnight to 12:59 AM is 00:00–00:59, and 12:00–12:59 PM stays 12:00–12:59. Going back, subtract 12 from hours 13–23 and add PM; hours 00 become 12 AM. Count time across midnight in two parts: up to 24:00 (00:00), then from 00:00 on.
Convert the hour
13 − 12 = 1 → PM
Answer
1:25 PM
Answer
1:25 PM
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: c = 115 µmol/L
Dimensional analysis: write the given quantity, then multiply by conversion factors written as fractions (for example 60 min/1 h or 1 mg/1000 mcg) so that each unwanted unit appears once on top and once underneath and cancels. When only the wanted unit is left, calculate. Use the equivalents the question gives and round only the final answer.
Convert
c = 1.3·88.4 = 114.9 ≈ 115 µmol/L
Answer
c = 115 µmol/L
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