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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
Which measure is an alternative to using a restraint?
ATucking the sheets in so tightly that the resident cannot get up
BA regular toileting schedule and frequent checks
CAsking the nurse for a sedative so the resident stays still
DLocking a tray table against the resident's chest in the chair
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
A resident says, "I've been saving my pills, and soon I won't be a burden to anyone." What should the nursing assistant do?
ATell the resident not to talk like that and leave the room
BPromise to keep it secret if the resident gives up the pills
CStay with the resident and get the nurse immediately
DReport it at the end of the shift
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A dose is charted at 19:20 (24-hour clock). Which entry is the same time on the 12-hour clock? Click it.
19:20
19:20 PM
27:20 PM
37:20 AM
46:20 PM
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). An infusion starts at 20:15 and finishes at 02:15 the next morning (24-hour clock). How many hours t did it run? Give the answer in hours as a decimal, rounded to two decimal places.
20:1502:15
t = h
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: B · A regular toileting schedule and frequent checks
Why this is the answer
Many residents get up because they need the toilet, are in pain, bored or uncomfortable. Toileting schedules, frequent checks, activities, a low bed and alarms are alternatives. Tight sheets and a locked tray table are themselves restraints.
Answer
B · A regular toileting schedule and frequent checks
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: C · Stay with the resident and get the nurse immediately
Why this is the answer
Talk of being a burden together with saving pills can signal a suicide plan. The nursing assistant does not leave the resident alone, gets the nurse right away and never promises to keep it secret.
Answer
C · Stay with the resident and get the nurse immediately
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: 7:20 PM
24-hour clock: from 1 PM onwards add 12 to the hour (3:45 PM = 15:45). Midnight to 12:59 AM is 00:00–00:59, and 12:00–12:59 PM stays 12:00–12:59. Going back, subtract 12 from hours 13–23 and add PM; hours 00 become 12 AM. Count time across midnight in two parts: up to 24:00 (00:00), then from 00:00 on.
Convert the hour
19 − 12 = 7 → PM
Answer
7:20 PM
Answer
7:20 PM
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: t = 6 h
24-hour clock: from 1 PM onwards add 12 to the hour (3:45 PM = 15:45). Midnight to 12:59 AM is 00:00–00:59, and 12:00–12:59 PM stays 12:00–12:59. Going back, subtract 12 from hours 13–23 and add PM; hours 00 become 12 AM. Count time across midnight in two parts: up to 24:00 (00:00), then from 00:00 on.
Before midnight
20:15 → 24:00 = 225 min
After midnight
00:00 → 02:15 = 135 min
Total
225 + 135 = 360 min
t = 360/60 = 6 h
Answer
t = 6 h
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