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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
When answering the phone at the nurses' station, what should the nursing assistant say?
AA greeting, the unit or location, their name and their title
BOnly "Hello?"
C"What do you want?"
DThe name and room number of the resident they are caring for
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
The cord of a resident's electric razor is frayed. What should the nursing assistant do?
AWrap the frayed area with electrical tape and keep using it
BRemove it from use and report it per facility policy
CPut it back in the drawer for the next shift
DUse it carefully one last time, then report it
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A dose is charted at 5:00 PM. Which entry is the same time on the 24-hour clock? Click it.
5:00 PM
118:00
217:00
305:00
416:00
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). During a shift a patient takes 8 fl oz of juice, 2 tsp of cough syrup, 1½ cups of tea, ½ tbsp of liquid supplement. Using the equivalents given, find the total oral intake V in mL.
1 fl oz = 30 mL1 tsp = 5 mL1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL1 tbsp = 15 mL
V = mL
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: A · A greeting, the unit or location, their name and their title
Why this is the answer
A professional phone greeting includes the unit, the nursing assistant's name and title, and an offer to help. Resident information is not given over the phone.
Answer
A · A greeting, the unit or location, their name and their title
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: B · Remove it from use and report it per facility policy
Why this is the answer
Frayed cords can cause electric shocks or fires. The item is taken out of use and reported, not repaired by the nursing assistant.
Answer
B · Remove it from use and report it per facility policy
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: 17:00
24-hour clock: from 1 PM onwards add 12 to the hour (3:45 PM = 15:45). Midnight to 12:59 AM is 00:00–00:59, and 12:00–12:59 PM stays 12:00–12:59. Going back, subtract 12 from hours 13–23 and add PM; hours 00 become 12 AM. Count time across midnight in two parts: up to 24:00 (00:00), then from 00:00 on.
Convert the hour
5 PM → 5 + 12 = 17
Answer
17:00
Answer
17:00
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: V = 617.5 mL
Household measures and weight: nursing exams use rounded equivalents: 1 teaspoon (tsp) = 5 mL, 1 tablespoon (tbsp) = 15 mL = 3 tsp, 1 fluid ounce (fl oz) = 30 mL = 2 tbsp, and 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL. For weight, 1 kg = 2.2 lb and 1 lb = 16 oz; for length, 1 inch = 2.54 cm. Set the conversion up so that the unit you do not want cancels out.
Each item in mL
8 fl oz = 8·30 = 240 mL
2 tsp = 2·5 = 10 mL
1½ cups = 1.5·240 = 360 mL
½ tbsp = 0.5·15 = 7.5 mL
Add
V = 240 + 10 + 360 + 7.5 = 617.5 mL
Answer
V = 617.5 mL
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