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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
Before a nursing assistant helps a resident with one-sided weakness move from the bed to a wheelchair, where is the wheelchair placed?
ANext to the bed on the resident's weaker side, with the brakes locked
BBehind the resident, so they can sit back into it
COn the stronger side, with the brakes off so it can be adjusted
DOn the stronger side, next to the bed, brakes locked
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
While eating, a resident suddenly has a drooping face on one side and slurred speech. What should the nursing assistant do?
AGet the nurse immediately and note the time the signs started
BHelp the resident lie down for a nap
CHelp the resident finish the meal first, then go and tell the nurse
DWait 15 minutes to see whether it passes
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A patient’s temperature is 103 °F. Convert it to degrees Celsius T with °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9. Round to one decimal place.
103 °F
T = °C
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). An infusion starts at 18:40 and finishes at 03:00 the next morning (24-hour clock). How many minutes t did it run?
18:4003:00
t = min
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: D · On the stronger side, next to the bed, brakes locked
Why this is the answer
The chair goes on the stronger side so the resident can stand and pivot on the strong leg. The brakes are locked, the footrests moved out of the way and the resident wears non-slip footwear and a gait belt.
Answer
D · On the stronger side, next to the bed, brakes locked
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: A · Get the nurse immediately and note the time the signs started
Why this is the answer
Face drooping, arm weakness and speech problems are signs of a stroke (FAST). Treatment depends on time, so the nursing assistant calls the nurse at once, stays with the resident, stops the meal because swallowing may be affected and notes when the signs began.
Answer
A · Get the nurse immediately and note the time the signs started
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: T = 39.4 °C
Temperature: °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9 and °F = °C × 9/5 + 32. Subtract 32 before you multiply when going from °F, and add 32 after you multiply when going from °C. A quick check: 37 °C is 98.6 °F, and every 1 °C is 1.8 °F.
Subtract 32
103 − 32 = 71
Multiply by 5/9
T = 71·5/9 = 39.44 ≈ 39.4 °C
Answer
T = 39.4 °C
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: t = 500 min
24-hour clock: from 1 PM onwards add 12 to the hour (3:45 PM = 15:45). Midnight to 12:59 AM is 00:00–00:59, and 12:00–12:59 PM stays 12:00–12:59. Going back, subtract 12 from hours 13–23 and add PM; hours 00 become 12 AM. Count time across midnight in two parts: up to 24:00 (00:00), then from 00:00 on.
Before midnight
18:40 → 24:00 = 320 min
After midnight
00:00 → 03:00 = 180 min
Total
t = 320 + 180 = 500 min
Answer
t = 500 min
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