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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
Which razor is generally used for a resident who takes an anticoagulant ("blood thinner")?
AAny razor, as long as shaving cream is used
BA disposable safety razor
CAn electric razor
DA straight razor
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
A resident tells the nursing assistant, "I have a heavy pressure in my chest, but don't bother the nurse, it will go away." What should the nursing assistant do?
AStay with the resident and get the nurse immediately
BWrite it down and mention it at the end of the shift
CHelp the resident walk around to see whether it eases
DRespect the request and check again in an hour
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A dose is charted at 12:30 AM. Which entry is the same time on the 24-hour clock? Click it.
12:30 AM
112:30
201:30
300:30
424:30
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A blood glucose result is 4.8 mmol/L. Using 1 mmol/L = 18 mg/dL for glucose, find c in mg/dL to the nearest whole number.
4.8 mmol/L1 mmol/L = 18 mg/dL
c = mg/dL
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: C · An electric razor
Why this is the answer
An electric razor lowers the risk of cuts and bleeding in residents taking anticoagulants. Used disposable razors go into a sharps container.
Answer
C · An electric razor
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: A · Stay with the resident and get the nurse immediately
Why this is the answer
Chest pain or pressure may be a heart attack and must be reported at once. The nursing assistant stays with the resident, uses the call light to get the nurse and keeps the resident resting.
Answer
A · Stay with the resident and get the nurse immediately
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: 00:30
24-hour clock: from 1 PM onwards add 12 to the hour (3:45 PM = 15:45). Midnight to 12:59 AM is 00:00–00:59, and 12:00–12:59 PM stays 12:00–12:59. Going back, subtract 12 from hours 13–23 and add PM; hours 00 become 12 AM. Count time across midnight in two parts: up to 24:00 (00:00), then from 00:00 on.
Convert the hour
12 AM → 00
Answer
00:30
Answer
00:30
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: c = 86 mg/dL
Dimensional analysis: write the given quantity, then multiply by conversion factors written as fractions (for example 60 min/1 h or 1 mg/1000 mcg) so that each unwanted unit appears once on top and once underneath and cancels. When only the wanted unit is left, calculate. Use the equivalents the question gives and round only the final answer.
Convert
c = 4.8·18 = 86.4 ≈ 86 mg/dL
Answer
c = 86 mg/dL
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