In the print window, choose “Save as PDF” to keep a copy on your device.
1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
Why should the bottom sheets of a bed be kept tight and free of wrinkles?
AWrinkled sheets make the resident feel colder
BWrinkles make the bed look untidy to visitors and inspectors
CTight sheets keep the mattress from moving
DWrinkles rub and press on skin, causing pressure injuries
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
A resident with dementia becomes upset when asked to choose from all the clothes in her closet. Which approach best supports her?
AChoose all her clothes for her without asking
BOffer a choice between two outfits
CPut her in a hospital gown for the day
DTell her she must decide quickly
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A dose calculation for a small injection gives 0.62162 mL. The rule in this exercise is that volumes below 1 mL are rounded to the nearest hundredth of a mL. What value x do you record?
0.62162 mL
x = mL
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). An infusion delivers 8 mg/h. Express this dose rate D in mcg/min. Round to one decimal place.
8 mg/h1 mg = 1000 mcg1 h = 60 min
D = mcg/min
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: D · Wrinkles rub and press on skin, causing pressure injuries
Why this is the answer
Wrinkles create pressure and friction on the skin, especially over bony areas, which can lead to skin breakdown. Linens are kept clean, dry and smooth.
Answer
D · Wrinkles rub and press on skin, causing pressure injuries
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: B · Offer a choice between two outfits
Why this is the answer
Too many choices can overwhelm a person with dementia. Offering two options keeps her independence and dignity while reducing stress.
Answer
B · Offer a choice between two outfits
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: x = 0.62 mL
Rounding: look at the digit just after the place you round to: 5 or more rounds up, 4 or less leaves the digit as it is. Round only the final answer, never the steps. Typical exam rules: volumes of 1 mL or more to the nearest tenth, volumes below 1 mL to the nearest hundredth, drip rates to whole drops and weights to one decimal place; always follow the rule the question states.
Digit in the hundredths place
0.62162 → 2
Only the next digit decides
0.62162 → 1
1 is 4 or less, so 2 stays.
The digits after it (62) are ignored: round once, never step by step.
Round
x = 0.62 mL
Answer
x = 0.62 mL
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: D = 133.3 mcg/min
Dimensional analysis: write the given quantity, then multiply by conversion factors written as fractions (for example 60 min/1 h or 1 mg/1000 mcg) so that each unwanted unit appears once on top and once underneath and cancels. When only the wanted unit is left, calculate. Use the equivalents the question gives and round only the final answer.
Set up the chain
D = 8 mg/h × (1000 mcg/1 mg) × (1 h/60 min)
Calculate
D = 8000/60 = 133.3 mcg/min
Answer
D = 133.3 mcg/min
This is independent practice material. ExamProblems is not affiliated with or endorsed by the organisation that runs this exam, and the exam name is used only to describe the content.