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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
Which team member usually helps a resident relearn daily activities such as dressing and using adapted eating utensils?
AThe occupational therapist
BThe dietitian
CThe speech-language pathologist
DThe pharmacist
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
A frail resident starts shivering during a bed bath. What should the nursing assistant do?
AKeep her covered, uncover only the part being washed and finish promptly
BStop the bath and leave her uncovered and still wet until she has warmed up
CTake off the bath blanket so the bath can be finished faster
DOpen the window to let in fresh air so she does not feel faint
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A patient is 160 cm tall. Using 1 in = 2.54 cm, find the height h in inches. Round to one decimal place.
160 cm1 in = 2.54 cm
h = in
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). During a shift a patient takes ¾ cup of tea, 6 fl oz of juice, 1½ tbsp of liquid supplement, 1 tsp of cough syrup. Using the equivalents given, find the total oral intake V in mL.
1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL1 fl oz = 30 mL1 tbsp = 15 mL1 tsp = 5 mL
V = mL
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: A · The occupational therapist
Why this is the answer
Occupational therapists help residents regain skills for activities of daily living, such as dressing, grooming and eating, often with assistive devices. Physical therapists focus more on strength, walking and mobility.
Answer
A · The occupational therapist
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: A · Keep her covered, uncover only the part being washed and finish promptly
Why this is the answer
Older residents chill easily. A bath blanket, a warm room, warm water and exposing only one body part at a time keep the resident warm and protect privacy. If she remains cold, this is reported.
Answer
A · Keep her covered, uncover only the part being washed and finish promptly
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: h = 63 in
Household measures and weight: nursing exams use rounded equivalents: 1 teaspoon (tsp) = 5 mL, 1 tablespoon (tbsp) = 15 mL = 3 tsp, 1 fluid ounce (fl oz) = 30 mL = 2 tbsp, and 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL. For weight, 1 kg = 2.2 lb and 1 lb = 16 oz; for length, 1 inch = 2.54 cm. Set the conversion up so that the unit you do not want cancels out.
Centimetres to inches
h = 160/2.54 = 62.99 ≈ 63 in
Answer
h = 63 in
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: V = 387.5 mL
Household measures and weight: nursing exams use rounded equivalents: 1 teaspoon (tsp) = 5 mL, 1 tablespoon (tbsp) = 15 mL = 3 tsp, 1 fluid ounce (fl oz) = 30 mL = 2 tbsp, and 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL. For weight, 1 kg = 2.2 lb and 1 lb = 16 oz; for length, 1 inch = 2.54 cm. Set the conversion up so that the unit you do not want cancels out.
Each item in mL
¾ cup = 0.75·240 = 180 mL
6 fl oz = 6·30 = 180 mL
1½ tbsp = 1.5·15 = 22.5 mL
1 tsp = 1·5 = 5 mL
Add
V = 180 + 180 + 22.5 + 5 = 387.5 mL
Answer
V = 387.5 mL
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