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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
Which is a healthy way for a nursing assistant to manage job stress?
AKeeping all worries to oneself
BExercising, sleeping enough and talking problems over with a supervisor
CSkipping breaks so the work is finished faster and there is less to worry about
DTaking out frustration on residents
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
When emptying a urinary drainage bag into a graduate, which action helps prevent infection?
ALift the bag above the bladder so it drains quickly
BKeep the spout from touching anything, and close it as policy directs
CDisconnect the bag from the catheter so it can be emptied more quickly
DRinse the drain spout with tap water and let it hang open
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A dose is charted at 09:55 (24-hour clock). Which entry is the same time on the 12-hour clock? Click it.
09:55
19:55 PM
29:55 AM
311:55 AM
48:55 AM
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A serum creatinine result is 2.5 mg/dL. Using 1 mg/dL = 88.4 µmol/L for creatinine, find c in µmol/L to the nearest whole number.
2.5 mg/dL1 mg/dL = 88.4 µmol/L
c = µmol/L
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: B · Exercising, sleeping enough and talking problems over with a supervisor
Why this is the answer
Healthy stress management includes exercise, rest, a balanced diet and talking problems through with a supervisor or trusted person. Unmanaged stress can lead to burnout and mistakes.
Answer
B · Exercising, sleeping enough and talking problems over with a supervisor
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: B · Keep the spout from touching anything, and close it as policy directs
Why this is the answer
Germs can travel from the spout up the bag and tubing into the bladder. The spout must not touch anything, it is cleaned and closed as policy directs, and the bag stays below the bladder and connected.
Answer
B · Keep the spout from touching anything, and close it as policy directs
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: 9:55 AM
24-hour clock: from 1 PM onwards add 12 to the hour (3:45 PM = 15:45). Midnight to 12:59 AM is 00:00–00:59, and 12:00–12:59 PM stays 12:00–12:59. Going back, subtract 12 from hours 13–23 and add PM; hours 00 become 12 AM. Count time across midnight in two parts: up to 24:00 (00:00), then from 00:00 on.
Convert the hour
09 → 9 AM
Answer
9:55 AM
Answer
9:55 AM
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: c = 221 µmol/L
Dimensional analysis: write the given quantity, then multiply by conversion factors written as fractions (for example 60 min/1 h or 1 mg/1000 mcg) so that each unwanted unit appears once on top and once underneath and cancels. When only the wanted unit is left, calculate. Use the equivalents the question gives and round only the final answer.
Convert
c = 2.5·88.4 = 221 µmol/L
Answer
c = 221 µmol/L
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