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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
When should a specimen container be labeled?
ANever, because the lab can guess whose it is
BOnly after it reaches the laboratory
CAt the bedside, with the correct name, date and time
DAt the end of the shift, with all the other specimens
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
A nursing assistant finishes care for a resident on contact precautions for C. difficile diarrhea. What should the nursing assistant do before leaving?
ARemove the gown in the hallway and use alcohol hand rub
BUse alcohol hand rub over the gloves and leave them on
CKeep the gloves on to go to the next resident, then wash the hands
DRemove the gown and gloves in the room, then wash the hands with soap and water
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A dose calculation for a small injection gives 0.20784 mL. The rule in this exercise is that volumes below 1 mL are rounded to the nearest hundredth of a mL. What value x do you record?
0.20784 mL
x = mL
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). An infusion starts at 20:15 and finishes at 08:05 the next morning (24-hour clock). How many minutes t did it run?
20:1508:05
t = min
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: C · At the bedside, with the correct name, date and time
Why this is the answer
Specimens are labeled at the bedside with the resident's correct identifying information, date and time, following policy. Labels prevent mix-ups that could lead to wrong results and wrong treatment.
Answer
C · At the bedside, with the correct name, date and time
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: D · Remove the gown and gloves in the room, then wash the hands with soap and water
Why this is the answer
PPE is removed inside the room before leaving, and hands are washed with soap and water, because alcohol rub does not remove C. difficile spores reliably. Gloves are never worn from one resident to another.
Answer
D · Remove the gown and gloves in the room, then wash the hands with soap and water
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: x = 0.21 mL
Rounding: look at the digit just after the place you round to: 5 or more rounds up, 4 or less leaves the digit as it is. Round only the final answer, never the steps. Typical exam rules: volumes of 1 mL or more to the nearest tenth, volumes below 1 mL to the nearest hundredth, drip rates to whole drops and weights to one decimal place; always follow the rule the question states.
Digit in the hundredths place
0.20784 → 0
Only the next digit decides
0.20784 → 7
7 is 5 or more, so round 0 up.
The digits after it (84) are ignored: round once, never step by step.
Round
x = 0.21 mL
Answer
x = 0.21 mL
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: t = 710 min
24-hour clock: from 1 PM onwards add 12 to the hour (3:45 PM = 15:45). Midnight to 12:59 AM is 00:00–00:59, and 12:00–12:59 PM stays 12:00–12:59. Going back, subtract 12 from hours 13–23 and add PM; hours 00 become 12 AM. Count time across midnight in two parts: up to 24:00 (00:00), then from 00:00 on.
Before midnight
20:15 → 24:00 = 225 min
After midnight
00:00 → 08:05 = 485 min
Total
t = 225 + 485 = 710 min
Answer
t = 710 min
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