Depreciation
- Straight-line
- (cost − salvage)/life
- Double-declining balance
- 2/life × book value at the start of the year
- Sum of the years’ digits
- (cost − salvage) × remaining life/SYD
- SYD
- n(n + 1)/2
- Book value
- cost − accumulated depreciation
Financial Accounting: cram pack
Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 4 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
1Formulas and methods
2Practice problems
1.Financial accountingMedium
A company increases its allowance for doubtful receivables. What is the effect?
- AAn expense is recognised and net receivables fall
- BCash decreases immediately
- COnly the notes change; no figures move
- DRevenue increases and gross receivables rise by the same amount
2.Financial accountingHard
A company issues shares at €5 each with a nominal value of €1. The extra €4 per share is recorded as:
- ARevenue
- BShare premium
- CRetained earnings
- DA liability
3.DepreciationMedium
A computer system costs €24 000, has a useful life of 10 years and a salvage value of €1 000. Using the double-declining-balance method (without switching to straight-line), find the depreciation charge D in year 6.
cost = €24 000life = 10salvage = €1 000year = 6
D = €
4.DepreciationHard
A delivery van costs €60 000, has a useful life of 10 years and a salvage value of €12 000. Using the sum-of-the-years’-digits method, find the depreciation charge D in year 8.
cost = €60 000life = 10salvage = €12 000year = 8
D = €
3Solutions
1.Financial accounting
Answer: A · An expense is recognised and net receivables fall
Why this is the answer
The increase is charged to profit, and the allowance is deducted from gross receivables, so the balance sheet shows the amount expected to be collected.
Answer
A · An expense is recognised and net receivables fall
2.Financial accounting
Answer: B · Share premium
Why this is the answer
The amount above nominal value goes to the share premium account in equity; issuing shares is a financing transaction, not income.
Answer
B · Share premium
3.Depreciation
Answer: D = 1573 €
Depreciation spreads the cost of an asset over its useful life. Straight-line: (cost − salvage value)/life every year. Double-declining balance: 2/life times the book value at the start of each year, so the charge falls each year (salvage is not subtracted, but the book value never goes below it). Sum-of-the-years’-digits: (cost − salvage) × remaining life/(1 + 2 + … + n).
Rate
2/10 = 0.2
Year by year
year 1: 0.2·24 000.00 = €4 800.00
year 2: 0.2·19 200.00 = €3 840.00
year 3: 0.2·15 360.00 = €3 072.00
year 4: 0.2·12 288.00 = €2 457.60
year 5: 0.2·9 830.40 = €1 966.08
year 6: 0.2·7 864.32 = €1 572.86
Answer
D = €1 572.86
4.Depreciation
Answer: D = 2618 €
Depreciation spreads the cost of an asset over its useful life. Straight-line: (cost − salvage value)/life every year. Double-declining balance: 2/life times the book value at the start of each year, so the charge falls each year (salvage is not subtracted, but the book value never goes below it). Sum-of-the-years’-digits: (cost − salvage) × remaining life/(1 + 2 + … + n).
Fraction for year 8
(10 − 8 + 1)/55 = 3/55
Depreciation
D = 48 000·3/55 = €2 618.18
Answer
D = €2 618.18
ExamProblems · examproblems.com/courses/financial-accounting