Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 8 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
Baddeley added the episodic buffer to the working memory model to explain how working memory:
Morris, Bransford and Franks found that words processed for rhyme were better recognised in a rhyming test than words processed for meaning. This challenges levels of processing because:
Children get better at ignoring distractions and switching between tasks through childhood and adolescence. This improvement in executive function is linked mainly to maturation of the:
Dodge found that aggressive children are more likely to think a peer who bumped into them did it on purpose, even when the situation was ambiguous. This is called:
A website shows "Only 2 left in stock!" to increase sales. Which persuasion principle does this use?
In Tajfel's minimal group studies, boys allocated points between an in-group and an out-group member. They often preferred options that:
Which defence mechanism is shown by someone who is angry with their boss but shouts at their partner at home?
Learned helplessness (Seligman) was proposed as a model for:
Answer: A · Binds information from different sources and from long-term memory
The episodic buffer (added in 2000) is a limited-capacity store that binds information from the subsystems and long-term memory into integrated episodes.
Answer: D · Memory depends on the match between encoding and test, not only on depth
Transfer-appropriate processing holds that the best encoding is the one that matches the demands of the later test. "Deep" semantic processing is not always superior.
Answer: A · Prefrontal cortex
Executive functions such as inhibition, working memory and flexible switching depend heavily on the prefrontal cortex, which continues developing into the twenties.
Answer: B · Hostile attribution bias
Hostile attribution bias is a social information processing error in which ambiguous actions are interpreted as hostile, leading to retaliatory aggression.
Answer: C · Scarcity
Cialdini's scarcity principle states that items or opportunities seem more desirable when they appear limited or about to disappear.
Answer: A · Maximised the gap in their group's favour, even at a cost
Boys chose to give their group more than the other group even if it meant less for their own group overall, suggesting that positive distinctiveness drives favouritism.
Answer: C · Displacement
Displacement shifts an impulse from a threatening target to a less threatening one. Projection attributes one's own unacceptable feelings to others.
Answer: A · Depression
After uncontrollable aversive events, animals and people may stop trying even when escape becomes possible, resembling the passivity and hopelessness of depression.
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