1.Cognitive psychologyMedium
The idea that the language you speak influences how you think and perceive the world is known as:
- ALinguistic relativity
- BPhonemic restoration
- CSemantic priming
- DUniversal grammar
Introduction to Psychology: cram pack
Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 8 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
1Practice problems
2.Cognitive psychologyHard
Change blindness experiments show that people often:
- ASee changes only in colour, not in shape
- BNotice every small change in their visual field
- CAre better at spotting changes in faces than in objects in all cases
- DFail to notice large changes in a scene when the change happens during a brief interruption
3.Developmental psychologyMedium
Which attachment type is shown by an infant who is very distressed at separation and both seeks and resists contact at reunion?
- AInsecure-resistant (ambivalent)
- BDisorganised only
- CInsecure-avoidant
- DSecure
4.Developmental psychologyHard
Temperament research by Thomas and Chess classified infants into which three main groups?
- AEasy, difficult and slow-to-warm-up
- BIntroverted, extroverted and ambiverted
- CSecure, avoidant and resistant
- DAuthoritative, authoritarian and permissive
5.Social psychologyMedium
Only Jo laughs at a comedian, Jo laughs at every comedian, and Jo always laughs at this one. Using Kelley's model, people will most likely explain the laughter by:
- ASomething about that evening
- BSomething about the audience
- CSomething about Jo
- DSomething about the comedian
6.Social psychologyHard
In Ross's quiz study, randomly assigned questioners wrote hard questions for contestants. Observers rated the questioners as more knowledgeable. Why is this an attribution error?
- AThe contestants knew the answers but chose to hide them
- BThe questioners' role advantage was taken as ability
- CThe observers believed the roles were assigned by skill
- DThe questioners really were more intelligent overall
7.Clinical psychologyMedium
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) increase serotonin in the synapse by:
- ABlocking the reuptake of serotonin into the presynaptic neuron
- BBlocking dopamine release
- CSpeeding up the breakdown of serotonin by monoamine oxidase enzymes
- DDestroying serotonin receptors
8.Clinical psychologyHard
A therapist helps a client with panic disorder deliberately bring on dizziness by spinning in a chair, without using safety behaviours. What is this technique called and why is it used?
- AAversion therapy, so the client learns to associate panic with physical discomfort
- BInteroceptive exposure, so the client learns bodily sensations are not dangerous
- CFlooding, so the client forgets their trauma
- DFree association, so unconscious fears come to light
2Solutions
1.Cognitive psychology
Answer: A · Linguistic relativity
Why this is the answer
The linguistic relativity (Sapir–Whorf) hypothesis proposes that language shapes thought. The strong version is largely rejected; weaker effects have some support.
Answer
A · Linguistic relativity
2.Cognitive psychology
Answer: D · Fail to notice large changes in a scene when the change happens during a brief interruption
Why this is the answer
When a visual change coincides with a disruption (a blink, a cut, a passing door), people frequently miss it, showing we store far less detail than we feel we do.
Answer
D · Fail to notice large changes in a scene when the change happens during a brief interruption
3.Developmental psychology
Answer: A · Insecure-resistant (ambivalent)
Why this is the answer
Insecure-resistant infants are highly upset when the caregiver leaves and show ambivalence on reunion, seeking contact but also pushing away.
Answer
A · Insecure-resistant (ambivalent)
4.Developmental psychology
Answer: A · Easy, difficult and slow-to-warm-up
Why this is the answer
The New York Longitudinal Study described easy, difficult and slow-to-warm-up temperaments; some infants did not fit any group.
Answer
A · Easy, difficult and slow-to-warm-up
5.Social psychology
Answer: C · Something about Jo
Why this is the answer
Low consensus and low distinctiveness with high consistency lead to an internal (person) attribution: Jo simply laughs a lot.
Answer
C · Something about Jo
6.Social psychology
Answer: B · The questioners' role advantage was taken as ability
Why this is the answer
Observers failed to adjust for the role, which let questioners display knowledge while hiding gaps. This is the fundamental attribution error in action.
Answer
B · The questioners' role advantage was taken as ability
7.Clinical psychology
Answer: A · Blocking the reuptake of serotonin into the presynaptic neuron
Why this is the answer
SSRIs block the serotonin transporter, so serotonin stays longer in the synaptic cleft. Clinical effects usually take several weeks.
Answer
A · Blocking the reuptake of serotonin into the presynaptic neuron
8.Clinical psychology
Answer: B · Interoceptive exposure, so the client learns bodily sensations are not dangerous
Why this is the answer
Interoceptive exposure provokes feared bodily sensations so the client can test catastrophic predictions and habituate. It is a core part of CBT for panic disorder.
Answer
B · Interoceptive exposure, so the client learns bodily sensations are not dangerous
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