1.Cognitive psychologyMedium
Counting the windows in your house by picturing walking around it mainly uses which working memory component?
- AThe phonological loop
- BLong-term procedural memory
- CThe visuospatial sketchpad
- DThe episodic buffer
Introduction to Psychology: cram pack
Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 8 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
1Practice problems
2.Cognitive psychologyHard
Clive Wearing developed severe amnesia after a brain infection and cannot remember events from moment to moment, yet he can still play the piano and conduct music. This shows that:
- AMusical skills are stored in short-term memory
- BProcedural memory can survive severe loss of episodic memory
- CEpisodic memory is needed to perform any skill
- DAll long-term memory depends on a single system
3.Developmental psychologyMedium
Which ability is most likely to decline from early adulthood onwards?
- AKnowledge of word meanings
- BExpertise in one's own profession
- CGeneral knowledge about the world
- DSpeed in solving new, unfamiliar problems
4.Developmental psychologyHard
Dodge found that aggressive children are more likely to think a peer who bumped into them did it on purpose, even when the situation was ambiguous. This is called:
- AImaginary audience bias
- BHostile attribution bias
- CSelf-serving bias
- DThe personal fable
5.Social psychologyMedium
Deindividuation refers to:
- ABecoming more individual when alone
- BThe process of forming a stable, separate personal identity during adolescence
- CLoss of self-awareness and personal responsibility in groups or anonymity
- DChoosing not to join any group
6.Social psychologyHard
Zanna and Cooper gave participants a placebo pill, telling some it would make them tense. After writing a counter-attitudinal essay, those told the pill causes tension showed little attitude change. This supports the idea that:
- ADissonance involves arousal that people try to explain
- BPlacebo pills themselves cause attitude change
- CSelf-perception theory explains all attitude change
- DWriting essays never changes people's attitudes
7.Clinical psychologyMedium
Which personality disorder is marked by instability in relationships, self-image and emotions, together with marked impulsivity?
- AAvoidant personality disorder
- BSchizoid personality disorder
- CNarcissistic personality disorder
- DBorderline personality disorder
8.Clinical psychologyHard
Which statement about the placebo effect in antidepressant trials is most accurate?
- APlacebo effects never occur in depression
- BPlacebo response is so strong that antidepressants have never shown any benefit over it in trials
- CPlacebos work only in physical illnesses
- DPlacebo response rates are substantial, so trials need control groups to show drug effects
2Solutions
1.Cognitive psychology
Answer: C · The visuospatial sketchpad
Why this is the answer
The visuospatial sketchpad stores and manipulates visual and spatial information, such as a mental image of a building and its layout.
Answer
C · The visuospatial sketchpad
2.Cognitive psychology
Answer: B · Procedural memory can survive severe loss of episodic memory
Why this is the answer
His profound anterograde and retrograde amnesia for episodes, with preserved skills, supports separate memory systems for declarative and procedural knowledge.
Answer
B · Procedural memory can survive severe loss of episodic memory
3.Developmental psychology
Answer: D · Speed in solving new, unfamiliar problems
Why this is the answer
Fluid intelligence and processing speed tend to decline gradually from early adulthood, while vocabulary and knowledge often remain stable or increase.
Answer
D · Speed in solving new, unfamiliar problems
4.Developmental psychology
Answer: B · Hostile attribution bias
Why this is the answer
Hostile attribution bias is a social information processing error in which ambiguous actions are interpreted as hostile, leading to retaliatory aggression.
Answer
B · Hostile attribution bias
5.Social psychology
Answer: C · Loss of self-awareness and personal responsibility in groups or anonymity
Why this is the answer
Anonymity and group immersion can reduce self-awareness, making behaviour that violates norms more likely.
Answer
C · Loss of self-awareness and personal responsibility in groups or anonymity
6.Social psychology
Answer: A · Dissonance involves arousal that people try to explain
Why this is the answer
When participants could misattribute their discomfort to the pill, they had no need to change attitudes. This suggests dissonance is an unpleasant arousal state.
Answer
A · Dissonance involves arousal that people try to explain
7.Clinical psychology
Answer: D · Borderline personality disorder
Why this is the answer
Borderline personality disorder involves unstable relationships and identity, affective instability, fear of abandonment, impulsivity and recurrent self-harm. DBT is a well-supported treatment.
Answer
D · Borderline personality disorder
8.Clinical psychology
Answer: D · Placebo response rates are substantial, so trials need control groups to show drug effects
Why this is the answer
Placebo response in depression trials is often 30–40%, so randomised placebo-controlled designs are needed to show the specific effect of a drug.
Answer
D · Placebo response rates are substantial, so trials need control groups to show drug effects
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