1.Cognitive psychologyMedium
In Baddeley and Hitch's working memory model, which component handles verbal and acoustic information?
- AThe central executive
- BThe phonological loop
- CThe episodic buffer
- DThe visuospatial sketchpad
Introduction to Psychology: cram pack
Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 8 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
1Practice problems
2.Cognitive psychologyHard
A patient with a long history of heavy alcohol use cannot form new memories and fills gaps with invented stories that he believes. This is typical of:
- ADissociative amnesia
- BRetrograde amnesia only
- CWernicke's aphasia
- DKorsakoff's syndrome
3.Developmental psychologyMedium
A 1-year-old says "up!" while raising her arms, meaning "Pick me up". A single word used to express a whole idea is called a:
- AHolophrase
- BMorpheme
- CPhoneme
- DTelegraphic sentence
4.Developmental psychologyHard
Hodges and Tizard followed children raised in institutions until after age 2, some later adopted and some returned to their birth families. At age 16, a common finding across both groups was:
- AComplete failure to form any family attachments
- BDifficulties in peer relationships
- CNo differences at all from family-reared children
- DExceptionally high academic achievement
5.Social psychologyMedium
Exposing people to weak arguments against their view, along with rebuttals, makes them more resistant to later persuasion. This is:
- AInoculation theory
- BThe sleeper effect
- CThe elaboration likelihood model
- DReactance theory
6.Social psychologyHard
Myers and Bishop found that students high in prejudice became more prejudiced after discussing racial issues with similar students, and low-prejudice students became less prejudiced. Which two explanations are usually given?
- AMatching hypothesis and proximity
- BPersuasive arguments and social comparison
- CObedience and agentic state
- DSocial loafing and social facilitation
7.Clinical psychologyMedium
In suicide risk assessment, which factor is one of the strongest predictors of a future suicide attempt?
- AHaving a large circle of friends
- BBeing a university student
- CTalking openly to a therapist
- DA previous suicide attempt
8.Clinical psychologyHard
In Seligman's later reformulation of learned helplessness (Abramson, Seligman and Teasdale), depression is most likely when people attribute negative events to causes that are:
- AInternal, unstable and specific
- BExternal, stable and specific
- CInternal, stable and global
- DExternal, unstable and specific
2Solutions
1.Cognitive psychology
Answer: B · The phonological loop
Why this is the answer
The phonological loop stores and rehearses speech-based information. The sketchpad handles visual and spatial information, the central executive directs attention.
Answer
B · The phonological loop
2.Cognitive psychology
Answer: D · Korsakoff's syndrome
Why this is the answer
Korsakoff's syndrome causes severe anterograde amnesia, some retrograde amnesia and confabulation, while procedural learning is often relatively preserved.
Answer
D · Korsakoff's syndrome
3.Developmental psychology
Answer: A · Holophrase
Why this is the answer
In the one-word stage, children use holophrases: single words that carry the meaning of a full sentence, often clarified by gesture and context.
Answer
A · Holophrase
4.Developmental psychology
Answer: B · Difficulties in peer relationships
Why this is the answer
Adopted children often formed close bonds with adoptive parents, but both groups showed more problems with peers, suggesting lasting effects of early institutional care.
Answer
B · Difficulties in peer relationships
5.Social psychology
Answer: A · Inoculation theory
Why this is the answer
McGuire's inoculation theory proposes that small doses of counterarguments motivate people to build defences for their attitudes.
Answer
A · Inoculation theory
6.Social psychology
Answer: B · Persuasive arguments and social comparison
Why this is the answer
Group polarisation is explained by hearing more arguments supporting the initial view and by comparing oneself with others to appear a good group member.
Answer
B · Persuasive arguments and social comparison
7.Clinical psychology
Answer: D · A previous suicide attempt
Why this is the answer
A history of suicide attempts is among the strongest risk factors. Asking directly about suicidal thoughts does not increase risk and is part of good assessment.
Answer
D · A previous suicide attempt
8.Clinical psychology
Answer: C · Internal, stable and global
Why this is the answer
The attributional reformulation proposed that a depressive attributional style explains bad events by internal, stable and global causes, which leads to hopelessness.
Answer
C · Internal, stable and global
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