Introduction to Psychology: cram pack

Lists of similar-sounding letters (B, G, V, T) are harder to recall immediately than dissimilar letters (F, K, Y, W). This suggests short-term memory:

1. AHas unlimited capacity for letters
2. BStores letters mainly as visual images of their shapes
3. CMainly codes information by meaning
4. DMainly codes verbal information acoustically

Strayer and Johnston found that hands-free phone conversations impaired simulated driving about as much as hand-held ones. What does this suggest?

1. ADriving is a fully automatic task
2. BTalking to a passenger in the car is just as distracting in every case
3. CHolding a phone is the only problem when driving
4. DThe main cost of phoning while driving is attentional, not manual

Habituation in infant research is used to show that babies:

1. ACan tell two stimuli apart because interest returns when the stimulus changes
2. BBecome drowsy and sleep more when the same stimulus is presented over and over again
3. CAre born with full adult vision
4. DPrefer their own reflection

Wynn showed 5-month-olds one doll, then a second doll being added behind a screen. When the screen dropped to reveal only one doll, infants looked longer. This suggests infants:

1. APrefer one doll to two dolls
2. BHave basic expectations about small numbers
3. CHave already learned to count aloud
4. DCannot see objects behind screens

Which concept describes believing that others share our opinions more than they actually do?

1. AFundamental attribution error
2. BJust-world belief
3. CHalo effect
4. DFalse consensus effect

Reactance theory predicts that when people feel their freedom is threatened by a persuasive message, they will:

1. ABe motivated to do the opposite of what is urged
2. BForget the message immediately
3. CIgnore the message entirely, without any emotional reaction
4. DComply more strongly

Which personality disorder is characterised by a pervasive pattern of disregard for the rights of others?

1. ADependent personality disorder
2. BBorderline personality disorder
3. CAvoidant personality disorder
4. DAntisocial personality disorder

A therapist helps a client with panic disorder deliberately bring on dizziness by spinning in a chair, without using safety behaviours. What is this technique called and why is it used?

1. AFlooding, so the client forgets their trauma
2. BAversion therapy, so the client learns to associate panic with physical discomfort
3. CFree association, so unconscious fears come to light
4. DInteroceptive exposure, so the client learns bodily sensations are not dangerous